Sustainable Redox Chemistry Route to Multifaceted Fe‐Pd Heteronanostructure: Delving into the Synergistic Influence in Catalysis

Abstract

The biomimetic concept to decipher the ‘enigma of metalloenzymes’ in integrating two metals in designing a heteronanostructure with multifunctional attributes seems inspiring. In this pursuit, we report a versatile route to Fe−Pd heteronanostructure based on the redox chemistry utilizing the galvanic potentials of the metals, in lieu of an external reducing agent used so far. The synergism between two metal centers has been delved into for multifaceted catalytic applications. The synthesized nanomaterial has been extensively characterized by techniques such as UV‐Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM‐EDX, HRTEM, BET, VSM, ICP and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The formation of the heteronanostructure with Fe and Pd is clearly evident from HRTEM image and EDS mapping analysis. Mössbauer spectra are consistent with the superparamagnetic nature of the material. Fe−Pd heteronanostructure showed excellent aqueous‐phase catalytic activities for Suzuki coupling reactions with challenging substrates like heteroaryl bromides and aryl chlorides, and reductions of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol and Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Interestingly, in all the three catalytic reactions, Fe−Pd heteronanostructure showed superior activity over its monometallic counterpart substantiating to the cooperative influence of the two metals. Low catalyst loading, shorter reaction times, ‘in water’ reactions for synthesis and catalysis and magnetic recyclability form the hallmark features of the heteronanostructure.

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic efficiency of a new smart PdO oxide nanomaterials for using in the recycling and sustainable wastewater treatment

“…Recently, palladium metal (Pd) and its oxide (PdO) have received special attention and extensive investigation due to their unique properties as catalysts because they possess high catalytic potency at low temperatures and low volatility at high temperatures. They have wide applications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] in methane combustion [25][26][27][28], carbon monoxide oxidation [29][30][31][32], catalyzing several organic conversions and reactions, like reduction reactions, hydrogenations of unsaturated olefins, and carbon-carbon cross-coupling formation [33][34][35], ethanol oxidation; it decomposes ethanol through decarbonylation and dehydrogenation, releasing CO and H species and environmental redemption applications when incorporating Pd or PdO with TiO 2 . This incorporation reduced the band gap of TiO 2 .…”

“…This incorporation reduced the band gap of TiO 2 . This incorporating material showed extremely high photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine and methylene blue [36][37][38][39].…”

Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and their applications as catalyst and antimicrobial agent

“…Amid other metal NPs, Pd is gaining special mention because of its profound applications as catalyst in large number of organic transformations which includevarious types of carbon-carbon cross-coupling [ 9 , 10 ], oxidation [ 11 , 12 ]and reduction reactions. [ 13 , 14 ]. Traditionally, Pd NPs are synthesized via various physical or chemical methods with the aid of toxic and hazardous reducing and stabilizing agents, however, over the years, in the quest of ‘going green’, there has been a paradigm shift towards bio-inspired strategies for the synthesis of metal NPs [ 15 – 17 ].…”

Magnetic-Plasmonic Heterodimer Nanoparticles: Designing Contemporarily Features for Emerging Biomedical Diagnosis and Treatments

“…The size and chemical stability of these nanoparticles were adjusted using oleic acid as chelating agent, so that the diameters of Au and Fe particles were in the range of 4–10 and 11–15 nm, respectively (Figure 1). Moreover, multifaceted Fe-Pd heterodimers are simply assembled based on a sequential reduction process of Fe and Pd metallic nanoparticles [82]. In this work, the diameter of the Fe particles was in the range of 7–15 nm and the mean diameter of Pd nanoparticles was around 1 nm.…”

“…In addition, the shape of magnetic field dependent magnetization curves was shown to depend on Au particles, so that the saturation field (H S ) value of decorated structures was extremely enhanced due to surface spin canting. In the case of Fe-Pd heterodimers, a decrease of M S was reported when compared to individual Fe particles [82]. Heterodimers that were composed of nonmetallic plasmonic components, like QDs, revealed more devastating impacts on magnetic properties.…”