Sustainable Rigid Polyurethane Foam from Wasted Palm Oil and Water Hyacinth Fiber Composite—A Green Sound-Absorbing Material

Abstract

A novel rigid sound-absorbing material made from used palm oil-based polyurethane foam (PUF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF) composite was developed in this research. The NCO index was set at 100, while the WHF content was set at 1%wt with mesh sizes ranging from 80 to 20. The mechanical properties, the morphology, the flammability, and the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the PUF composite were all investigated. When the WHF size was reduced from 80 to 20, the compression strength of the PUF increased from 0.33 to 0.47 N/mm2. Furthermore, the use of small fiber size resulted in a smaller pore size of the PUF composite and improved the sound absorption and flammability. A feasible sound-absorbing material was a PUF composite with a WHF mesh size of 80 and an SAC value of 0.92. As a result, PUF derived from both water hyacinth and used palm oil could be a promising green alternative material for sound-absorbing applications.

The Use of New Waste-Based Plasticizer Made from Modified Used Palm Oil for Non-Glutinous Thermoplastic Starch Foam

“…The acid number for free acid in UPO and residual acid after the reaction in MUPO rose slightly from 1.41 to 1.76 mgKOH/g. These findings suggested that UPO is effectively changed by oxidation and hydroxylation to mUPO, which corresponded to the previous works [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…The chemical structure confirmation of UPO and mUPO has been reported in our previous work [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The figure of 1 H-NMR spectra and FTIR spectra is presented in Figures S1 and S2 , respectively.…”

Inertization of metals and hydrogen production as a byproduct from water hyacinth and water lettuce via plasma pyrolysis

“…From Figure 4 a–d, it can be explained that peaks at 2992.98 cm −1 , 2929.34 cm −1 , 2923.55 cm −1 and 2920.14 cm −1 can be attributed to the C–H stretching from alkane groups. The C=O peaks, the carbonyl groups or carboxylate ( Tran et al., 2021 ), with values of 1625.69 cm −1 , 1637.26 cm −1 , 1654.62 cm −1 , and 1651.73 cm −1 , respectively ( Sukhawipat et al., 2021 ), exist in water lettuce (mixed) and water hyacinth (mixed and non-mixed). Tran et al.…”

“…(2017) stated that –OH hydroxyl groups can be found widely in the golden shower fruits, ranging from 3409 to 3417 cm −1 . The existence of –OH groups ranging from 3300 to 3500 cm −1 ( Sukhawipat et al., 2021 ). Tran et al.…”

Modified Used Palm Oil Polyols – A New Waste-based Plasticizer for Thermoplastic Non-glutinous Starch Foam

“…Lastly, the mUPO was further analyzed for its iodine value, acid value and hydroxyl value. The chemical structure con rmation of UPO and mUPO has been reported in our previous work [23][24][25][26].…”