Sustainable sediment management options for reservoirs: a case study of Chashma Reservoir in Pakistan

Ali, Mubashar; Shakir, Abdul Sattar

doi:10.1007/s13201-018-0753-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Though the value (6%) is comparable with 0.8 Mm 3 (5%) sedimentation rate as stated by HydroNova (2018), this rate is high by general standards. Globally, Ali and Shakir (2018) quote an annual loss of 0.5 to 1% of reservoir storage due to siltation as generally acceptable.…”

Section: Impact On the Storage Capacity Of The Dam From Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-environmental impact of Khor Arbaat Dam, Eastern Sudan

Hamid¹

2022

Int. J. Water Res. Environ. Eng.

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To improve water supply services in Port Sudan City (Sudan), a dam with storage capacity of 16 Mm 3 was established at the upper gorge of the Khor Arbaat catchment area, which generates runoff that contributes to the sedimentation of the dam at an average rate of about 6% annually. At present (2021), the storage capacity of the dam is reduced by 69% of its original design capacity. Without interventions, the dam is expected to continue silting up reducing its capacity to 94% of the original design capacity by year 2044. Although the dam has reduced the amount of runoff that reaches the alluvium aquifer and has caused groundwater recession downstream, the continuous sedimentation and reduction of the dam's storage capacity mean the amount of water that could flow out would gradually increase. Despite its sedimentation, the dam has provided groundwater recharge 1 km upstream of the dam resulting in a rise of 2 m in groundwater level and enabled irrigation of 85% of the arable land. Comparatively, a drop of 1.8 m was observed in groundwater level at 5 km upstream of the dam, with irrigation of only 33% of the arable land. Also, the interception of the base-flow/underflow by the dam, has contributed to the recession of groundwater downstream. These observations can help optimize the use of this resource; by reducing evaporation losses and maximizing the benefit from the reservoir's available storage through the intensification of pumping during the winter period (October-March) when evaporation is comparatively low and reservoir storage can be replenished by winter runoff. Beyond technical fixes (and in the long term), management of water resources in the Khor Arbaat should consider the catchment area as a whole and in an overall framework of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).

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Section: Impact On the Storage Capacity Of The Dam From Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-environmental impact of Khor Arbaat Dam, Eastern Sudan

Hamid¹

2022

Int. J. Water Res. Environ. Eng.

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“…Some studies have attempted to estimate water surface elevation and/or volume by simulating bathymetry using data from surrounding and/or regional terrain (Tseng et al., 2016; van Bemmelen et al., 2016), but these methods have several uncertainties limiting scalability such as site limitations in estimating slope from surrounding terrain or availability of similar watersheds for virtual dam placement. However, in recent years, several governments have initiated large bathymetric survey campaigns to better understand and address growing reservoir sedimentation concerns that threaten regional water supplies (Ali & Shakir, 2018; Denoyelles & Kastens, 2016; Furnans & Austin, 2007; Kress et al., 2005; Mcalister et al., 2013; Rahmani et al., 2018). One example is the state of Kansas, USA where bathymetric surveys have been conducted by state and federal agencies for over 70 reservoirs, most of which lack publicly available in‐situ gauge elevation data (Kansas Biological Survey, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Multi‐Decadal Water Surface Elevation Estimates With Landsat Imagery and Elevation/Bathymetry Datasets

Weekley

2022

Water Resources Research

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Over the last few decades, inland surface waters have been increasingly recognized as critically important to global climate, biodiversity, and security (Vörösmarty et al., 2010) as substantial changes have been observed in permanent and seasonal water bodies around the world. During that time, 90,000 km 2 of formerly permanent waters have disappeared, 72,000 km 2 have transitioned from permanent to seasonal, and 213,000 km 2 of new permanent water has come into existence (Pekel et al., 2016) underscoring a need for increased understanding of inland surface water dynamics at local, regional, and global scales. Trends in surface water change have been detected globally and are likely the product of climate change, natural variability, and human impacts (Pekel et al., 2016;Rodell et al., 2018), and yet our knowledge and understanding of these changes is limited due to measurement limitations at the global scale (Alsdorf et al., 2007). Historically, our primary source of water surface elevations has been in-situ hydrological gauge station networks installed at individual lake and reservoir sites. Unfortunately, due to costs and logistics, in-situ monitoring stations are only available for a small subset of lakes globally and suffer greatly from uneven spatial and temporal distribution (Alsdorf et al., 2007).Remote sensing has long been used to supplement in-situ networks by providing measurements of water surface area via single-band thresholds, water indices (Feyisa et al., 2014;McFeeters, 1996;Xu, 2006), tasseled cap wetness (Crist, 1985), principle component analysis (Lira, 2006), supervised and unsupervised classifications, as well as advanced methods recently developed including machine-learning, pixel-level fusion, and spectral matching of discrete particle swarms (

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“…erefore, the process of sedimentation depends on the catchment's surface and topography, land use, soil type, intensity and duration of precipitation, the location and type of reservoir, and river or stream hydrology [4,6,12,19]. e phenomenon is much more noticeable in reservoirs than in other bodies of water [1,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e construction of dams across rivers reduces the flow velocity and consequently enables sediment to settle, thereby causing an increase in sedimentation on the upstream side [2,4,22]. Since all the reservoirs intercept a percentage of the sediment load carried by stream channels, the active storage capacity of the dam is therefore reduced, and hence, the functionality of the dam is affected [2,4,20,23]. e geomorphological conditions of the reservoir's upstream area are affected by sedimentation [15,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Physicochemical Properties of Deposited Sediments at the Maruba Dam Reservoir Inlet, Machakos County, Kenya

Luvai

Obiero

Omuto

2022

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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Energy and water are the two most important natural resources in the globe. In this regard, dams and reservoirs are the critical hydraulic structures that store water and, above all, provide energy required by humanity. However, water storage and the provision of energy by reservoirs and dams have been disrupted by significant environmental changes taking place in the catchment areas and the reservoir environment. These disruptions are brought about by climatic parameters and sediment transport by different eroding agents. One such environmental problem is soil erosion, whose effect is reservoir sedimentation. Consequently, a part of the transported sediment is deposited at the catchment outlet, which serves as the reservoir inlet. This study was carried out to establish the physicochemical characteristics of the deposited sediment at the reservoir inlet. The following parameters were analyzed: particle size distribution, organic matter content, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, pH, and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) using standard laboratory procedures. The study established that the deposited sediments were predominantly sand particles with mean values of 50.60% and 58.60% for the surface (0–10 cm) or sub-surface horizons (10–20 cm), respectively. The average values for sediment pH, organic matter, porosity, bulk density, electrical conductivity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and nutrients were 6.30 and 6.61; 1.91 and 1.80%; 54.10 and 57.10%; 1.22 and 1.14 g·cm−3 for the surface and sub-surface horizons, respectively. The most variable parameters were silt content (sub-surface horizon), hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance, electrical conductivity, nitrogen content (surface horizon), and phosphorous (surface horizon) content with CV >0.35. Based on the present study results, the deposited sediments at the reservoir inlet were found to have low concentrations of nutrients and high sand proportions. Therefore, the deposited sediments appear to have great potential to reclaim the immediate barren dam environment upon enrichment and to promote sand harvesting programs for economic benefits.

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Sustainable sediment management options for reservoirs: a case study of Chashma Reservoir in Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Hydro-environmental impact of Khor Arbaat Dam, Eastern Sudan

Hydro-environmental impact of Khor Arbaat Dam, Eastern Sudan

Maximizing Multi‐Decadal Water Surface Elevation Estimates With Landsat Imagery and Elevation/Bathymetry Datasets

The Physicochemical Properties of Deposited Sediments at the Maruba Dam Reservoir Inlet, Machakos County, Kenya

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