“…Numerous academic disciplines have substantially benefited from advancements in semantic similarity research. Notably, disciplines such as biology [76,77,78,79,80], geographical information systems [81,82,83], linguistics [84,85,86], and other vertical areas including communication, interpretability, and sustainability [87,88] have emerged as prominent beneficiaries in this domain. These disciplines have harnessed the power of semantic similarity research to drive significant advancements and developments within their respective fields.…”