“…There is a consensus in the literature that SSCM has become a competitive tool for firms to achieve continuous performance surpassing (Feng et al, 2020; Seuring and Müller, 2008; Yawar and Seuring, 2017; Zhu and Sarkis, 2004). SSCM, defined as the cooperating management of material, information, and capital flows among the supply chain members to achieve overall improvement in three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social practice (Seuring and Müller, 2008), can be implemented from the supplier management and customer cooperation (Feng et al, 2017; Li et al, 2022; Zhu et al, 2013). The former is triggered by the needs of avoiding related risks from regulation (Tong et al, 2018), supply chain disruption (Klassen and Vereecke, 2012), customer requirement (Choi et al, 2019; Zhu et al, 2017), and so on, to mitigate risks from supply chain on social and environmental dimensions.…”