Sustainable technologies for adsorptive removal of estrogens from water: A comprehensive review for current advances

Gao, Pei; Fan, Xuanhao; Wang, Wenhao; Yang, Chun

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.110780

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 143 publications

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“…For example, in chromatographic column-based applications, monodisperse micrometer or submicrometer-sized porous microspheres are essential [9]; meanwhile, for a commercial-scale petrochemical process, millimeter or submillimeter uniform bodies are needed [10]. The use of additives such as binders, although achieving their primary function of shaping a mechanically robust body, unavoidably dilutes the key zeolite active sites and blocks accessible pores [11]. Moreover, recent systematic research into the impact of body formations on shaped catalyst properties reveals that uncontrolled processes take place during multiscale shaping such as dealumination, structure rearrangement, and abating [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Binderless 4A/5A Zeolite Assemblies: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorbent Applications

Li,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Zeolite microspheres have been successfully applied in commercial-scale separators such as oxygen concentrators. However, further enhancement of their applications is hampered by the post-synthetic shaping process that formulates the zeolite powder into packing-sized spherical bodies with various binders leading to active site blockage and suboptimal performance. Herein, binderless zeolite microspheres with a tunable broad size range from 2 µm to 500 µm have been developed with high crystallinity, sphericity over 92%, monodispersity with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5%, and hierarchical pore architecture. Combining precursor impregnation and steam-assisted crystallization (SAC), mesoporous silica microspheres with a wide size range could be successfully transformed into zeolite. For preserved size and spherical morphology, a judicious selection of the synthesis conditions is crucial to ensure a pure phase, high crystallinity, and hierarchical architecture. For the sub-2-µm zeolite microsphere, low-temperature prolonged aging was important so as to suppress external zeolization that led to a large, single macroporous crystal. For the large 500 µm sphere, ultrasound pretreatment and vacuum impregnation were crucial and facilitated spatially uniform gel matrix dispersion and homogenous crystallization. The obtained zeolite 5A microspheres exhibited excellent air separation performance, while the 4A microspheres displayed ammonium removal capabilities. This work provides a general strategy to overcome the existing limitations in fabricating binder-free technical bodies of zeolites for various applications.

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