Sustainable Tourism And Everyday Life In Shimshal, Pakistan

Butz, David

doi:10.1080/02508281.2002.11081374

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This criterion is much neglected because there is no mechanism in action to tackle down the social and economic benefits of tourism to the local community as the same indicated in literature [3,46,65,66]. Findings of this study, consistent with [67][68][69], reveal that economic benefits go to tour operators, tour guides, and the people who are directly involved in tourism activities.…”

Section: Gstc Section B-maximization Of Social and Economic Benefits To The Local Community And Minimization Of Negative Impactssupporting

confidence: 73%

Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

Ullah

Naveed

Rehman³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon the concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around the idea of sustainable tourism have been formulated. This study aims at exploring the role of tour operators in developing sustainable tourism in Pakistan and how the tour operators (TOs) conceive their role in this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, and virtual sources as face-to-face interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel by the government. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather data. Results suggest that the TOs although realize the importance of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of tourism on the communities but have no management systems in place to cater accordingly. There are no incentives in place by the government facilitate TOs to design and implement such systems. The TOs do not select a destination based on Global Sustainable Tourism Council criterion, but rather the selection of destination is mostly demand-based and profit-oriented. The study suggests that corporate profit motive is the sole criterion for decision making and is one of the major causes impeding sustainable tourism in Pakistan. The role of TOs in developing sustainable tourism is vague as the TOs do not have any systems in place to implement sustainable models. The study recommends that efforts need to be put in place to incentivize sustainable tourism in Pakistan and proper laws should be set forth by the authorities to comply by the TOs. The role of TOs is important and understood, however, there is a need to put proper systems in place.

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Section: Gstc Section B-maximization Of Social and Economic Benefits To The Local Community And Minimization Of Negative Impactssupporting

confidence: 73%

Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

Ullah

Naveed

Rehman³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…The communities of Khunjerab and Shimshal valleys relied heavily on livestock for food security and livelihood, but the Shimshal communities were more dependent on livestock and had larger herd size than the Khunjerab communities. Seasonal transhumance with sizable herds has been shown to be the main stay of livelihood in the mountainous Pamir region of the northern Pakistan (Butz, 1996; Butz, 2002; Butz & Cook, 2011). After the completion of the Karakorum Highway (KKH) in 1978, the socio‐economic conditions had changed considerably in this region and are more profound along the main arterial KKH (Kreutzmann, 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herd Dynamics and Livestock Holdingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seasonal variation of livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Pamir Mountains of northern Pakistan

Rashid,

Shi,

Rahim

et al. 2023

Conservat Sci and Prac

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The livestock depredation by large carnivores is a main cause for increasing human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) and is one of the prime challenges for carnivore's conservation and a major economic concern to livestockdependent communities around wildlife habitats. Thus, understanding the patterns and trends of livestock depredation may contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HWCs and to mitigating HWCs. HWCs characterized by livestock depredation by large carnivores are prevalent in northern Pakistan, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly investigated. This study was conducted in 2018 in the Khunjerab Valley and Shimshal Valley of the Pamir region to evaluate the spatial and seasonal variation and impact of livestock depredation by carnivores. Data were collected on livestock depredation and its associated economic impact through semi-structured interviews of randomly selected households in the two valleys. The livestock in Shimshal Valley was more susceptible to large carnivores' depredation (233 heads per year) than in Khunjerab Valley (125 heads per year). This spatial variation in livestock depredation was reflective of the difference in the socio-economic conditions and physical locations between the two valleys. More livestock depredation took place in winter in Khunjerab Valley, while more livestock depredation occurred in summer in Shimshal Valley, mainly because of different grazing systems in the two valleys. The total economic loss incurred due to large carnivores'

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“…The study area lies inside the Khunjerab National Park (KNP) and valleys in KNP's buffer zone (the Khunjerab and Shimshal valleys) in the Gojal subdistrict of the Gilgit Baltistan province, encompassing approximately 8582 km 2 (36 • 33 N to 37 • 01 N; 74 • 52 E to 76 • 02 E) [40,47] (Figure 1). The altitude of the study area varies from 2439 m to 7885 m above sea level [40,48]. Precipitations range from 200 to 900 mm per annum, and most precipitation is in the form of snow in winter.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Potential Distribution of Snow Leopards in Pamir, Northern Pakistan: Implications for Human–Snow Leopard Conflicts

et al. 2021

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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a cryptic and rare big cat inhabiting Asia’s remote and harsh elevated areas. Its population has decreased across the globe for various reasons, including human–snow leopard conflicts (HSCs). Understanding the snow leopard’s distribution range and habitat interactions with human/livestock is essential for understanding the ecological context in which HSCs occur and thus gives insights into how to mitigate HSCs. In this study, a MaxEnt model predicted the snow leopard’s potential distribution and analyzed the land use/cover to determine the habitat interactions of snow leopards with human/livestock in Karakoram–Pamir, northern Pakistan. The results indicated an excellent model performance for predicting the species’ potential distribution. The variables with higher contributions to the model were the mean diurnal temperature range (51.7%), annual temperature range (18.5%), aspect (14.2%), and land cover (6.9%). The model predicted approximately 10% of the study area as a highly suitable habitat for snow leopards. Appropriate areas included those at an altitude ranging from 2721 to 4825 m, with a mean elevation of 3796.9 ± 432 m, overlapping between suitable snow leopard habitats and human presence. The human encroachment (human settlements and agriculture) in suitable snow leopard habitat increased by 115% between 2008 and 2018. Increasing encroachment and a clear overlap between snow leopard suitable habitat and human activities, signs of growing competition between wildlife and human/livestock for limited rangeland resources, may have contributed to increasing HSCs. A sound land use plan is needed to minimize overlaps between suitable snow leopard habitat and human presence to mitigate HSCs in the long run.

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Sustainable Tourism And Everyday Life In Shimshal, Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

Spatial and seasonal variation of livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Pamir Mountains of northern Pakistan

Modelling Potential Distribution of Snow Leopards in Pamir, Northern Pakistan: Implications for Human–Snow Leopard Conflicts

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