Sustainable treatment of dye wastewater by recycling microalgal and diatom biogenic materials: Biorefinery perspectives

Removal of Toxic Pollutants from Industrial Effluent: Sustainable Approach and Recent Advances in Metal Organic Framework

“…Dyes possess more color intensity that covers as a thin layer, even at very low concentration. 22,23 In addition, the stability and resistivity to biodegradation prevent their removal using conventional techniques. Dyes cause severe ill effects to the kidneys, the reproductive system, and cardiovascular system in humans.…”

“…The photosynthetic activity of aquatic organisms gets disturbed as the dye containing effluents forms a thin film over the surface of the water bodies. Dyes possess more color intensity that covers as a thin layer, even at very low concentration. , In addition, the stability and resistivity to biodegradation prevent their removal using conventional techniques.…”

Liquid biofertilizers as a sustainable solution for agriculture

“…Since a viable cell count is the most important factor in evaluating the quality of liquid biofertilizers, there is a need to develop new technologies to target the additives and carriers that are cheap, easy to use, and effective in supporting a large number of viable cells count with over 1 10 8 CFU mL −1 over long periods of time for transportation and storage ( Hindersah et al., 2020 ; Mitter et al., 2021 ). Waste by-products that are rich in valuable sources such as nutrients, chemical oxygen demand, sulfates, chlorine, ammonia, and other non-toxic, environmentally friendly substances, can be used as an alternative source for biofertilizer carriers because some industries have difficulties in treating their wastes and wastewater or have to pay to dispose of them ( Arumugam et al., 2021 ) ( Arumugam et al., 2021 ; Namfon et al., 2017 ; Nasarudin et al., 2020 ; Rai et al., 2022 ). This would be a step towards circular economy where wastes or wastewaters can be applied as the liquid media to produce liquid biofertilizers.…”

Microalgal-Based Bioenergy: Strategies, Prospects, and Sustainability

“…Apart from bioelectricity, running PDMFCs also released oil that was transesterified to yield Diafuel along with carotenoid-rich biomass as value-added end products. 214 The co-products, such as animal feed, fertilizer, nutraceutical, cosmetics, etc., represent promising avenues for the economic algal fuel paths. Co-production of high-value-added products, such as carotenoid, falls under a very high market value of $60 000 USD tonne −1 but has a small market size.…”

“…The two chambers were separated using a Nafion 117 membrane for dual production of bioelectricity and biodiesel while simultaneously removing heavy metals from the wastewater. , On the other hand, photosynthetic diatom microbial fuel cells (PDMFCs) were used for bioelectricity generation using live microalgae Nitzschia palea. Apart from bioelectricity, running PDMFCs also released oil that was transesterified to yield Diafuel along with carotenoid-rich biomass as value-added end products . The co-products, such as animal feed, fertilizer, nutraceutical, cosmetics, etc., represent promising avenues for the economic algal fuel paths.…”