“…These countries, which include the United Kingdom (Ball, 2013), Pakistan (Hussnain et al, 2016), Singapore (Building and Construction Authority, 2019), and New Zealand (OECD, 2017), each have their own regulations. Developers in the United States (Dilworth & Stokes, 2013), India (Das et al, 2013), United Arab Emirates (Faridi & El-Sayegh, 2006), Hong Kong (Lai et al, 2016), Ghana (Akrofi et al, 2019) and elsewhere face numerous obstacles when navigating the maze of preconstruction approvals processes presided over by various approving authorities, most notably the complex maze (Ball, 2011;Sanli & Townshend, 2018). Both developed and developing countries are burdened by lengthy and complicated procedures for obtaining building permits (World Bank, 2013).…”