Sustainable waste-treatment procedure for the spent potlining (SPL) from aluminium production

Tropenauer, Blaž; Klinar, Dušan; Samec, Niko; Golob, Janvit; Kortnik, Jože

doi:10.17222/mit.2018.147

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Under the optimal conditions, the carbon content in carbon products increased by factor 5.40, the carbon content in electrolyte products decreased by factor 0.26 and the electrolyte recovery increased by factor 4.58 respectively. Tropenauer et al (2019) found that flotation could successfully separate the silicate and carbon fractions under optimal conditions. The method of heat treatment for SPL is applied to use SPL as fuel.…”

Section: Research Progress Of Spent Pot Liner Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Liu

Zhang

2023

Waste Manag Res

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Aluminium is produced by electrolysis using alumina (Al2O3) as raw material and cryolite (Na3AlF6) as electrolyte. In this Hall–Héroult process, the energy consumption is relatively large, and solid wastes such as spent anodes and spent pot liner, flue gas and waste heat are generated. Therefore, this article discusses from the perspective of high energy consumption and high pollution and summarizes the methods to reduce energy consumption and solve pollution problems. The functions of carbon anode, carbon cathode, refractory material and sidewall in aluminium electrolysis cells are discussed in detail. The process of aluminium electrolysis and the ways to improve the current efficiency of aluminium electrolysis cells and reduce their energy consumption are outlined. The causes and treatment methods of spent anodes, spent cathodes, spent refractories and spent spot liner are reviewed. The research progress of waste heat recovery and aluminium electrolysis flue gas purification are analysed. And the future research directions of aluminium electrolysis flue gas are provided.

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Section: Research Progress Of Spent Pot Liner Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Liu

Zhang

2023

Waste Manag Res

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“…The importance of comprehensive use of solid waste (SCC and SCA) in aluminum smelters is in the recovery of valuable materials (carbon and cryolite) and the harmless treatment of fluoride and cyanide. There are two major categories of SCC treatment methods: pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical (Bishoyi, 2015;Tropenauer et al, 2019). Pyrometallurgical processes is used for the industrial recycling of solid waste because they facilitate the harmless treatment of solid waste to remove toxic fluoride and cyanide (Bruno, 2003;Chai et al, 2016;Personnet, 2013;Xie et al, 2020;Zhou, 2015;Zou et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, high energy consumption, high equipment investment, and environmental pollution also hinder the wide application of pyrometallurgical processes. Consequently, various hydrometallurgical processes have been developed to treat and recycle SCC and SCA, including flotation and chemical leaching (Tropenauer et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SinghMaitra (1986) introduced a method for recovering carbon and fluoride (while also reducing pollution) by recycling flotation tailings of aluminum smelters. Tropenauer et al (2019) developed a technique for combing flotation and carrying out chemical treatment to produce purified carbon and silicate fractions from industrial waste (primary aluminum production). It is worth noting that while chemical leaching (acid, soluble aluminum salt solution, and caustic) is more effective than flotation techniques for purifying SCC and SCA (Xiao et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020b), it can cause severe environmental problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective comminution and grinding mechanisms of spent carbon anode from aluminum electrolysis using ball and rod mills

Chen¹,

Zhou²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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The recovery of spent carbon anode (SCA) materials plays important roles in environment protection and resources recycling, while this cannot be efficiently achieved without liberation. In this study, grinding characteristics of spent carbon anode from aluminum electrolysis in both ball mill and rod mill were analyzed, and compared based on the utilization of the selective Fuerstenau upgrading curves. In addition, the different grinding mechanisms of ball and rod milling were evaluated by analyzing the shape factor and surface roughness of the ground samples. Results of mineralogical characterizations indicated that carbon particles (d50 = 46.86 μm) presented in the SCA were closely associated with cryolite particles. At 5 min grinding time, the maximum selective comminution factor (β) values of ball milling and rod milling were 2.00 and 1.63, respectively, indicating a higher degree of selective comminution of SCA was achieved from ball milling. Comparisons of the valuable component content (cv, cum) of -125 μm ground particles and the shape characterizations of 74-125 μm ground particles generated from ball and rod milling manifest that a direct relationship exists between the degree of selective comminution and the grinding mechanism.

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“…Regarding the problem of aluminum electrolysis solid waste recycling, Vasyunina et al [31] adopted a grinding-classification-reverse flotation-concentration process using flotation agents such as kerosene to remove silicon, iron oxide, and carbon particles, finally recovering aluminum electrolysis production sweep materials. Tropenauer et al [32] introduced flotation and chemical treatment technology to solve the problem of industrial waste generated in the aluminum electrolysis process. Li et al [33] explored a plan for recovering the waste lining of electrolytic cells by optimizing flotation conditions, including grinding particle size, slurry density, and the mixing speed of the flotation machine, and conducted a comparative experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Carbon Recovery from Electrolysis Aluminum Carbon Dust by Froth Flotation

Wang

Hou

et al. 2021

Metals

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A large amount of carbon dust is generated in the process of aluminum smelting by molten salt electrolysis. The carbon dust is solid hazardous waste but contains a large quantity of recyclable components such as carbon and fluoride. How to recycle carbon dust more effectively is a challenge in the aluminum electrolysis field. In this study, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and other methods were used to analyze the phase composition of electrolytic aluminum carbon dust. The effects of particle size distribution of carbon dust, impeller speed, reagent addition, mixing time, and flotation time on the flotation recovery of carbon dust were studied. The optimal flotation conditions were obtained and the flotation products were analyzed. The results show that the optimal particle size distribution is 70% of particles below 200 mesh, corresponding to a grinding time of 11 min. The optimum speed of the flotation machine was to be between 1600 and 1800 r/min with the best slurry concentration of 20–30% and 5 min mixing time, and the collector kerosene was suitable for adding in batches. Under the above conditions, the recovered carbon powder with a carbon content of 75.6% was obtained, and the carbon recovery rate was 86.9%.

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Sustainable waste-treatment procedure for the spent potlining (SPL) from aluminium production

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Selective comminution and grinding mechanisms of spent carbon anode from aluminum electrolysis using ball and rod mills

The Study of Carbon Recovery from Electrolysis Aluminum Carbon Dust by Froth Flotation

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