Sustained Decrease in Gastroenteritis-related Deaths and Hospitalizations in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age After the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination

Abstract

GE-related DCRDs, HDs and hospitalizations were significantly reduced in <1 and in 1- to <5-year-old Brazilian children after Rotarix introduction, which provides additional evidence of the direct and indirect population-level effect of RV vaccination on GE-related mortality and morbidity in children.

Distribution of rotavirus genotypes in the postvaccine introduction era in Ashaiman, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, 2014‐2016

“…14 In keeping with the findings from this study, other studies from Ghana have also reported genotypes P [4], P [6], and P [8], with the P [6] genotype being the most prevalent. 7,15 Strains with the VP7/VP4 genotypes: G3P [6], G12P [8], G1P [8], and G9P [4] were the most prevalent and accounted for 68% of the characterized strains, which differs somewhat from genotype prevalence reported previously-G2P [6], G3P [4] and G9P [8] as the most prevalent strains in northern Ghana, 16 and G1P [8], G3P [6], and G2P [6] as the most prevalent strains in southern Ghana. 14 The global emergence of the G12 strains in the postvaccine introduction era 17 probably explains the high incidence of the G12P [8] strain found in this study.…”

“…genome is made up of 11-gene segments encased within three icosahedral protein shells. 4 Global epidemiologic surveys have identified G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], G4P [8], G9P [8], and G12[P8] as the most common circulating strains associated with diarrhea in humans, 3,4 but the prevalence of the common strains has been shown to fluctuate in different geographical regions. 5 However, recent studies in developing countries have shown a greater diversity of RVA genotypes with several novel combinations.…”

“…6,7 The most effective measure of reducing the burden due to RVAs is by the use of vaccines. 8 Two licensed RVA vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use globally.…”

“…In Ghana, the monovalent RVA vaccine Rotarix was introduced into the national Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in May 2012 to manage diarrhea due to RVA in children under 5 years of age. A recent study on the RVA strain distribution in the pre-and post-RVA vaccine eras suggest that even though the G1P [8] genotype seem to has been replaced by G12P [8], the replacement could be merely transient and not necessarily due to vaccine immune pressure, 9 and therefore suggesting the need for continued RVA surveillance to monitor the circulating genotypes after the introduction of the Rotarix vaccine.…”

“…Total RNA was extracted from 145 EIA positive samples using phenol/chloroform/RNAID extraction method as previously described. 11 The RNA was subjected to VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotyping using either two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 11 Five G genotypes (G1, G3, G9, G10, and G12) along with three P genotypes (P [4], P [6], and P [8]) were detected. The most prevalent G genotypes G3, G12, G1, and G9 accounted for 39%, 15%, 14%, and 10%, respectively ( Figure 1A), and the three P genotypes P [6], P [8], and P [4] accounted for 51%, 28%, and 9%, respectively ( Figure 1B).…”