Sustained effect of resistance training on blood pressure and hand grip strength following a detraining period in elderly hypertensive women: a pilot study

Nascimento, Dahan da Cunha; Tibana, Ramires Alsamir; Benik, Franklin M.; Fontana, Keila Elizabeth; Neto, Frederico Ribeiro; Santana, Frederico Santos de; Santos-Neto, Leopoldo Luiz dos; Silva, Renato André Sousa; Silva, Alessandro Oliveira; Farias, Darlan Lopes de; Bálsamo, Sandor; Prestes, Jonato

doi:10.2147/cia.s56058

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…However, differences between time points reveals nothing about the clinical significance of findings or error measurement. This can be confirmed by the study from Nascimento et al 2 who used an ANOVA of repeated measurements, and demonstrated a significant decline (-10 mmHg) on SBP at post-training, and detraining time points when compared with pre-training measurements in hypertensive elderly women. Nevertheless, important insights as to inter-individual variation in training response were missed by the authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Nevertheless, important insights as to inter-individual variation in training response were missed by the authors. Furthermore, the signicant differecens between time points observed by Nascimento et al 2 might reveal little about clinical significance of the findings or error measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, it has been shown that traditional resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training are effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) in elderly hypertensive women after 16 weeks 1 . Moreover, research indicates these benefits can be maintained for 4 and 14 weeks, respectively, following training cessation 2,3 . Those benefits promoted by the regular practice of RT might be explained by the changes on neural mechanisms, suh as lower renal and muscle sympathetic nerve activity, lower norepinephrine spill-over, increament on heart rate variability, and enhanced parasympathetic modulation that lower resting heart rate and blood pressure 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights for statistical analysis of blood pressure response to exercise in elderly hypertensive women

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RESUMOO objetivo principal do estudo foi apresentar procedimentos estatísticos para uma melhor interpretação dos dados sobre a responsividade, explicar como lidar com o efeito da regressão a média (RM) e descrever como determinar alterações clinicamente importantes na pressão arterial (PA) pelo cálculo da diferença clínica (DC). Vinte e sete mulheres idosas hipertensas foram incluídas e o treinamento resistido (TR) consistiu em um modelo linear periodizado. O TR durou 10 semanas, com duas sessões realizadas por semana. Os responsivos foram classificados com base nas diferenças da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) entre os momentos T1 (primeiras 3 semanas) e T4 (semanas 9-10). As análises estatísticas no presente estudo foram realizadas utilizando a ANOVA de medidas repetidas, análise de covariância (ANCOVA) e modelo linear misto (MLM). Conclui-se que quando uma ANOVA de medidas repetidas é aplicada, os resultados mostram uma redução não significativa de -2,24 mmHg, mas a classificação dos participantes por responsividade fornece uma interpretação diferente dos resultados. Além disso, a PAS inicial foi o preditor mais potente da resposta pós-exercício da PAS, conforme analisado pela RM. Finalmente, as reduções de -2,24 mmHg não foram estatisticamente significativas e nem clinicamente importantes, mas caíram dentro do erro de medida. Palavras-chave: Responsividade, Regressão a média, Erro padrão de medida, Diferença clínica, Pressão arterial. ABSTRACTThe main goal was to present statistical procedures for a better data interpretation of responsiveness, explain how to deal with RTM effect, and describe how to determine clinically important changes in BP from significant real difference (SRD). Twenty-seven hypertensive elderly women were included, and RT consisted of a periodized linear model. The RT lasted 10 weeks, with two sessions performed per week. Responders were classified on the basis of SBP differences between timepoints T1 (first 3 weeks) and T4 (weeks 9-10). Statistical analyses were performed using One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the linear mixed model (LMM) was used in the present study, and SRD was also calculated. In conclusion, when one-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in SBP levels over the course of 10-week RT, results showed a non-significant reduction of -2.24 mmHg, while classifying subjects by responsiveness provides a different perspective of the results. Furthermore, initial SBP was the more powerful predictor of post-exercise SBP response, as analyzed by the regression to the mean effect. Finally, the reductions of -2.24 mmHg was not statistically significant nor clinically meaningful, but fell within the measurement error of the SBP measurements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights for statistical analysis of blood pressure response to exercise in elderly hypertensive women

et al. 2019

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“…Anxiety decreases after exercise because it facilitates the release of βendorphin and β-lipoprotein, substances that are natural painkillers and are normally produced in the brain and cause a feeling of euphoria and well-being (Farrell et al, 1987). Exercise brings permanent changes to the most basic brain monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline) resulting in the creation of pleasant emotions (Nabkasorn et al, 2006) . "Thermogenesis" the increase in body temperature observed during and after the exercise has a therapeutic affect and reduces muscle tension and the activity of c' motor neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (TD1) is an autoimmune disease and concerns the overwhelming majority of children and adolescents with diabetes. It is a chronic illness that disrupts family functioning and causes anxiety for both parents and children by affecting their physical and mental health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a physiotherapeutic stress management program (active therapeutic exercise, pressure therapy, diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation) in reducing stress symptoms in children and adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and their parents. This was a pilot, randomized controlled survey that was carried out in C' pediatric endocrinology clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki at the Hippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki. A total of 107 individuals, an intervention group of 26 children (7-17 years old) and 28 parents (n = 54) and a control group of 28 children and 25 parents (n = 53) participated. The measurement tools included the questionnaires STAIC1,2 for children and DASS 21 for parents with a view to assessing the perceived stress, the perception of health, the quality of life and depression. The price of glycosylated hemoglobin and hypoglycemic episodes of children was checked before and after intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, the trait anxiety of children was reduced about 5.2 units (p = 0.001) and the state anxiety about 4.4 (p = 0.000) Significant difference was not observed in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels between the two groups, but was observed a significant reduction in hypoglycemic episodes of the class (42%, p = 0.028), with an average reduction of 2.25 hypoglycaemic episodes in the children of the intervention group. The symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in parents of intervention group were significantly reduced about 2.94 units (p = 0.010), 1.89 (p = 0.019), 2.14 (p = 0.048), respectively. The physiotherapy program was associated with changes in the physical and psychological symptoms of children and adolescents with TD1 and their parents. It turned out to have had a positive impact on depression and stress and a significant improvement on their quality of life.

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“…Data specific to CVD patients are currently lacking. The only study that examined hypertensive women, reported that improvements on blood pressure and muscular strength induced by RE training at a moderate intensity over a 14-week period were preserved following 14 weeks of detraining [266]. Likewise, there are no published reports on the effect of detraining on oxidative stress adaptation to RE training in the context of CVDs.…”

Section: Resistance Exercise Training and Detrainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

et al. 2019

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Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual's physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

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Sustained effect of resistance training on blood pressure and hand grip strength following a detraining period in elderly hypertensive women: a pilot study

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

New insights for statistical analysis of blood pressure response to exercise in elderly hypertensive women

New insights for statistical analysis of blood pressure response to exercise in elderly hypertensive women

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Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

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