Sustained intensive transmission of Q fever in the south of the Netherlands, 2009

Schimmer, Barbara; Dijkstra, Frederika; Vellema, P.; Schneeberger, Peter M.; Hackert, Volker; Schegget, Ronald ter; Wijkmans, C.J.; Duynhoven, Yvonne van; Hoek, Wim van der

doi:10.2807/ese.14.19.19210-en

Cited by 112 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Pneumonia is the predominant presentation of Q fever in The Netherlands. For patients notified in 2008 for whom clinical details were available, 545 were diagnosed with pneumonia, 33 with hepatitis and 115 with other febrile illness [31]. The age median of 50 years in 2009 did not differ from that in 2008, neither did the hospitalization rate of 20 % nor the gender break down of 1 :1 .…”

Section: Continuation Of the Human Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, no abortions were notified on this farm, nor in this area, and veterinary measures such as the handling of manure, hygiene measures and a visitors ban were implemented (measures are clarified in the section 'Response in the veterinary field '), but the number of human cases still increased. To date, the source of this increase in 2009 remains unclear [31]. In general, 59 % of the notified human cases in 2009 lived within a 5-km zone around a notified dairy goat or dairy sheep farm, while 12 % of the Dutch population live within such zones [35].…”

Section: Continuation Of the Human Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYThe 2007-2009 human Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands attracted attention due to its magnitude and duration. The current epidemic and the historical background of Q fever in The Netherlands are reviewed according to national and international publications. Seroprevalence studies suggest that Q fever was endemic in The Netherlands several decades before the disease was diagnosed in dairy goats and dairy sheep.

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Section: Continuation Of the Human Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Continuation Of the Human Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection

et al. 2010

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“…A major epidemic of Q fever affecting nearly 4,000 people has been reported during 2007-2010 in the Netherlands, in which infected dairy goats were identified as the most likely source of infection [7,8]. A multistate outbreak of human Q fever has also been reported recently in the USA [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Jarelnabi¹,

Alshaikh²,

Bakhiet³

et al. 2018

biomedicalresearch

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This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of Q fever in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia. Serum samples from 489 camels, 428 cattle, 630 sheep and 423 goats, of either sex, from different localities were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using a Q fever indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A subsample of 307 animals of different species was simultaneously tested for C. burnetii antibodies by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The overall seroprevalence was 30.71%. Prevalence by species was 51.53%, 30.67%, 34.04% and 12.38% in camels, cattle, goats and sheep, respectively. Significant differences in seroprevalence were recorded between species and locations. The prevalence was overtly higher in adult as compared to young animals. No significant difference was recorded between male and female animals. There was a close agreement between ELISA and IFA results in cattle and camels while the results of the two tests were at variance in sheep and goats. The results indicate that the domestic livestock and the camel are the source of Q fever endemicity in Saudi Arabia.

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“…Since 2007, Q fever has become an important public health problem in several parts of Europe (McCaughey et al 2008;Karagiannis et al 2009;Panaiotov et al 2009;Schimmer et al 2009). Although Q fever in humans is asymptomatic in more than 60 per cent of cases, it may lead to either an acute or a chronic disease (Raoult et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a large epidemic of Q fever emerged in the southern part of the Netherlands causing more than 3000 human cases since 2007 (Anonymous 2009). A link has been established between some human cases and farms of small ruminants where abortions owing to Q fever were detected (Schimmer et al 2009). Ruminants are recognized as the main source of human infection (Norlander 2000;McQuiston & Childs 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of Q fever within dairy cattle herds: key parameters inferred using a Bayesian approach

et al. 2010

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Although ruminants are recognized as the most important source of human infection, no previous studies have focused on assessing the characteristics of the bacterial spread within a cattle herd and no epidemic model has been proposed in this context. We assess the key epidemiological parameters from field data in a Bayesian framework that takes into account the available knowledge, missing data and the uncertainty of the observation process owing to the imperfection of diagnostic tests. We propose an original individual-based Markovian model in discrete time describing the evolution of the infection for each animal. Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology is used to estimate parameters of interest from data consisting of individual health states of 217 cows of five chronically infected dairy herds sampled every week for a four-week period. Outputs are the posterior distributions of the probabilities of transition between health states and of the environmental bacterial load. Our findings show that some herds are characterized by a very low infection risk while others have a mild infection risk and a non-negligible intermittent shedding probability. Moreover, the antibody status seems to be a key point in the bacterial spread (shedders with antibodies shed for a longer period of time than shedders without antibodies). In addition to the biological insights, these estimates also provide information for calibrating simulation models to assess control strategies for C. burnetii infection.

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Sustained intensive transmission of Q fever in the south of the Netherlands, 2009

Cited by 112 publications

References 1 publication

The Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection

The Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection

Seroprevalence of Q fever in farm animals in Saudi Arabia

Spread of Q fever within dairy cattle herds: key parameters inferred using a Bayesian approach

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