Sustained-Operations Studies: From the Field to the Laboratory

Angus, Robert G.; Pigeau, Ross; Heslegrave, Ronald J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2210-9_14

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In two different total sleep deprivation protocols, ranging from 54 h to 64 h of continuous wakefulness, individuals who received fi ve 20-min rest breaks showed improvements in performance, alertness, fatigue, and overall mood when compared to those who received no breaks ( 96 ). These benefi cial effects also translate to actual aviation environments where rest breaks have been shown to help military pilots working sustained operations overcome increasing sleepiness and fatigue levels ( 7 ).…”

Section: B Activity Breaksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation

Caldwell¹,

Mallis²,

Caldwell³

et al. 2009

aviat space environ med

236

188

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Pilot fatigue is a significant problem in modern aviation operations, largely because of the unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruptions, and insufficient sleep that are commonplace in both civilian and military flight operations. The full impact of fatigue is often underappreciated, but many of its deleterious effects have long been known. Compared to people who are well-rested, people who are sleep deprived think and move more slowly, make more mistakes, and have memory difficulties. These negative effects may and do lead to aviation errors and accidents. In the 1930s, flight time limitations, suggested layover durations, and aircrew sleep recommendations were developed in an attempt to mitigate aircrew fatigue. Unfortunately, there have been few changes to aircrew scheduling provisions and flight time limitations since the time they were first introduced, despite evidence that updates are needed. Although the scientific understanding of fatigue, sleep, shift work, and circadian physiology has advanced significantly over the past several decades, current regulations and industry practices have in large part failed to adequately incorporate the new knowledge. Thus, the problem of pilot fatigue has steadily increased along with fatigue-related concerns over air safety. Accident statistics, reports from pilots themselves, and operational flight studies all show that fatigue is a growing concern within aviation operations. This position paper reviews the relevant scientific literature, summarizes applicable U.S. civilian and military flight regulations, evaluates various in-flight and pre-/postflight fatigue countermeasures, and describes emerging technologies for detecting and countering fatigue. Following the discussion of each major issue, position statements address ways to deal with fatigue in specific contexts with the goal of using current scientific knowledge to update policy and provide tools and techniques for improving air safety.

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Section: B Activity Breaksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation

Caldwell¹,

Mallis²,

Caldwell³

et al. 2009

aviat space environ med

236

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They were instructed to start each sequence from their desk video display terminal using a computerized delivery system and were observed through a closedcircuit television network for compliance. Testing sequences ended automatically after 4 min, a duration that was chosen because sleep bouts occurring during this time lapse are not long enough to interfere with the sleep deprivation procedure (Angus et al 1992). …”

Section: Continuous Polygraphic Recordings and Iterative Alertness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive effects of modafinil and d-amphetamine on the homeostatic and circadian modulation of the human waking EEG

et al. 2003

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These findings demonstrate that the alertness-promoting effects of modafinil and d-amphetamine involve distinct EEG activities and do not reside on the same vigilance regulatory processes. While d-amphetamine inhibits the expression of a sleep-related process, probably through a direct cortical activation masking EEG circadian rhythms, modafinil, through a synchronic effect, preferentially disrupts the homeostatic down-regulation of a waking drive.

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“…Methods used to prevent the negative eects of sleep deprivation fall into two categories. The ®rst includes non pharmacological procedures based on the training of subjects and on sleep management with strategically placed small naps used in sustained work situations (Naitoh and Angus, 1989;Angus et al, 1992). Such procedures rapidly proved to be insucient to recuperate and overcome the eects of sleep loss (Naitoh, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of modafinil on attentional processes during 60 hours of sleep deprivation

Stivalet

Esquivié

Barraud

et al. 1998

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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The present study investigates the eects of moda®nil (300 mg/24 h) versus a placebo on the performance of a visual search task during 60 h of sleep deprivation. Moda®nil was administrated in doses of 100 mg three times per day during sleep deprivation. Six healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind experiment including two experimental sessions of 7 days each. The experiment used the visual search paradigm for an`O' target among`Q' distractors and the reverse. The speed and accuracy in detecting the target were measured by RTs slopes (i.e. search rates) and the number of errors (i.e. error rates), respectively. Many authors attribute rapid search rates obtained for Q' targets (low RTs slopes) to parallel/automatic processes and slow search rates obtained for`O' targets (high RTs slope) to serial/attentional processes. The results revealed an asymmetrical search pattern for the detection of`Q' versus`O' targets across the sleep deprivation period (i.e. parallel versus serial search, respectively). Rapid search rates for`Q' targets remained unchanged between placebo and moda®nil conditions during sleep deprivation. However, slow search rates for`O' targets increased linearly in placebo condition, but remained at the same level as the control-test in moda®nil condition. Error rates and search rates also increased. For`O' and`Q' targets, the number of errors increased in the placebo condition, but remained stable in the moda®nil condition. In summary, we can conclude that the administration of moda®nil (300 mg/24 h) during sleep deprivation prevents the slowing of serial processes (attentional shifts) and the increasing of errors. #

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Sustained-Operations Studies: From the Field to the Laboratory

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation

Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation

Distinctive effects of modafinil and d-amphetamine on the homeostatic and circadian modulation of the human waking EEG

Effects of modafinil on attentional processes during 60 hours of sleep deprivation

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