Sustained Release of Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents from Novel Hybrid Degradable Nanofibers for the Treatment of Polymicrobial Osteomyelitis

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a drug delivery system with hybrid biodegradable antifungal and antibacterial agents incorporated into poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers, facilitating an extended release of fluconazole, vancomycin, and ceftazidime to treat polymicrobial osteomyelitis. The nanofibers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water contact angle analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro release of the antimicrobial agents was assessed using an elution method and a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The in vivo elution pattern of nanofibrous mats was assessed using a rat femoral model. The experimental results demonstrated that the antimicrobial agent-loaded nanofibers released high levels of fluconazole, vancomycin, and ceftazidime for 30 and 56 days in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Histological assays revealed no notable tissue inflammation. Therefore, hybrid biodegradable PLGA nanofibers with a sustainable release of antifungal and antibacterial agents may be employed for the treatment of polymicrobial osteomyelitis.

Electrospun Materials Based on Cellulose Acetate Loaded with Rosmarinic Acid with Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties

“…Highly porous polymer materials such as nano sponges [ 37 , 38 ] and nanofibers [ 39 ] have been proved as good delivery devices for antifungal drug delivery. In view of the potential biomedical application of the prepared materials for the treatment of fungal infections in burn wounds, the antifungal activity of the prepared fibrous materials against C. albicans was evaluated by direct counting of the viable fungi after incubation (4 h and 24 h) with non-woven materials.…”

“…In view of the potential biomedical application of the prepared materials for the treatment of fungal infections in burn wounds, the antifungal activity of the prepared fibrous materials against C. albicans was evaluated by direct counting of the viable fungi after incubation (4 h and 24 h) with non-woven materials. The amount of fungus that survived was then Highly porous polymer materials such as nano sponges [37,38] and nanofibers [39] have been proved as good delivery devices for antifungal drug delivery. In view of the potential biomedical application of the prepared materials for the treatment of fungal infections in burn wounds, the antifungal activity of the prepared fibrous materials against C. albicans was evaluated by direct counting of the viable fungi after incubation (4 h and 24 h) with non-woven materials.…”

Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Assemblies

“…Examples of polymers that can form fibers by electrospinning are silk fibroin, gelatin, chitosan, PLGA, PEO, poly (acrylic acid), and others. For the treatment of osteomyelitis caused by several pathogens, fluconazole, vancomycin, and ceftazidime were incorporated into biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers sustainably releasing high levels of the three agents for 30 and 56 days in vitro and in vivo, respectively [180]. Delivery systems for AMPs were recently reviewed [177,181,182].…”