Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Progress and Technical Challenges

Gao, Pan; Wang, Litong

doi:10.1155/2012/841691

Cited by 127 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…As a result, applications in enclosed places (e.g., human body) would be possible [50][51][52]. Wireless actuation can be achieved by electromagnetic power transmission which has been applied in robotic folding [52].…”

Section: A Potential Methods For Stiffness Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and methods for stiffness modulation in soft robot design and development

2018

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Compared to traditional rigid robots, soft robots, primarily made of deformable, or less rigid materials, have good adaptability, conformability and safety in interacting with the environment. Although soft robots have shown great potentials for extended applications and possibilities that are impossible or difficult for rigid body robots, it is of great importance for them to have the capability of controllable stiffness modulation. Stiffness modulation allows soft robots to have reversible change between the compliant, or flexible state and the rigid state. In this paper, we summarize existing principles and methods for stiffness modulation in soft robotic development and divide them into four groups based on their working principles. Acoustic-based methods have been proposed as the potential fifth group in stiffness modulation of soft robots. Initial design proposals based on the proposed acoustic method are presented, and challenges in further development are highlighted.

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Section: A Potential Methods For Stiffness Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and methods for stiffness modulation in soft robot design and development

2018

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“…Capsule endoscopy system consists of the wire less capsule which has video camera a sensing system (this includes sensing belt, a data recorder unit, a battery pack and a real time viewer) and a personal computer work station(figure 2). The work station is equipped with manufactures soft ware that offers various functions (localization system, colour enhancement systems, blood detector, quick viewer, scoring system, image atlas) this can help the examiner in reviewing and interpreting the images (11). There are various VCE systems.…”

Section: Video Capsule Endoscopy (Vce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in Endoscopy

Silva¹

2015

Endoscopy - Innovative Uses and Emerging Technologies

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The small bowel remains the "last frontier" in gastroenterology for a long period after the start of endoscopy. Even with the advent of better endoscopes and colonoscopies barium meal and follow through remained the preferred method of investigation of the small bowel. Although push enteroscopy was present from the 1980's it was not until the advent of device assisted enteroscopy that the small bowel was finally conquered. Device assisted enteroscopy includes, double balloon enteroscopy, single balloon enteroscopy and spiral enteroscopy. The other method of visualizing the small bowel was capsule enteroscopy. Capsule enteroscopy too revolutionized endoscopy as it gave patients a degree for freedom never before enjoyed and would be the best screening tool available. However, its main disadvantage remains the inability to obtain biopsies.

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“…In this novel system, a pill-sized electronic capsule that contains image acquisition and telemetry systems, along with a battery as the power source [2], passes through the patient's GI tract and transmit real-time images to the lead antenna that is connected to the image-receiving box, which is outside of the body [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of a Human Body Model to Determine the Variation of Path Losses in the Human Body Channel in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Basar¹,

Malek²,

Juni³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-Presently, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is the sole technology for inspecting the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract for diseases painlessly and in a non-invasive way. For the further development of WCE, the main concern is the development of a highspeed telemetry system that is capable of transmitting high-resolution images at a higher frame rate, which is also a concern in the use of conventional endoscopy. A vital task for such a high-speed telemetry system is to be able to determine the path loss and how it varies in a radio channel in order to calculate the proper link budget. The hostile nature of the human body's channel and the complex anatomical structure of the GI tract cause remarkable variations in path loss at different frequencies of the system as well as at capsule locations that have high impacts on the calculation of the link budget. This paper presents the path loss and its variation in terms of system frequency and location of the capsule. Along with the guideline about the optimum system frequency for WCE, we present the difference between the maximum and minimum path loss at different anatomical regions, which is the most important information in the link-margin setup for highly efficient telemetry systems in next-generation capsules. In order to investigate the path loss in the body's channel, a heterogeneous human body model was used, which is more comparable to the human body than a homogenous model. The finite integration technique (FIT) in Computer Simulation Technology's (CST's) Microwave Studio was used in the simulation. The path loss was analyzed in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 2450 MHz. The path loss was found to be saliently lower at frequencies below 900 MHz. The smallest loss was found around the frequency of 450 MHz, where the variation of path loss throughout the GI tract was 29 dB, with a minimum of −9 dB and a maximum of −38 dB. However, at 900 MHz, this variation was observed to be 38 dB, with a minimum of −10 dB and a maximum of −48 dB. For most positions of the capsule, the path loss increased rapidly after 900 MHz, reaching its peak at frequencies in the range of 1800 MHz to 2100 MHz. During examination of the lower esophageal region, the maximum peak observed was −84 dB at a frequency of 1760 MHz. The path loss was comparatively higher during examination of anatomically-complex regions, such as the upper intestine and the lower esophagus as compared to the less complex stomach and upper esophagus areas.

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Swallowable Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Progress and Technical Challenges

Cited by 127 publications

References 60 publications

Principles and methods for stiffness modulation in soft robot design and development

Principles and methods for stiffness modulation in soft robot design and development

New Developments in Endoscopy

The Use of a Human Body Model to Determine the Variation of Path Losses in the Human Body Channel in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

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