Swallowing Disorders in Patients with Stroke

Osawa, Aiko; Maeshima, Shinichiro

doi:10.5772/intechopen.88341

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The presence of a foreign body in the airway (tracheotomy tube) also hinders the patient's recovery of swallowing function. This creates a vicious circle that can be life threatening [ 10 ]. Therefore, we need effective treatment to fully restore swallowing and respiratory function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Cross Electro‐Nape‐Acupuncture (CENA) for the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Palsy in Patients with Tracheotomy Intubation for Severe Cerebral Haemorrhage

Guo

Sun

et al. 2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. The objective is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cross electro-nape-acupuncture (CENA) in the treatment of pseudobulbar palsy in patients with tracheotomy intubation for severe cerebral haemorrhage and to provide an innovative acupuncture method for the treatment of such patients. Methods. A total of 126 patients from six trial centres who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1, with 42 patients in each group, and the three groups were divided into CENA group, electro-acupuncture group, and acupuncture group. Each group’s acupuncture treatment lasted for 30 minutes, and the needles were removed at the end of the treatment. Acupuncture was performed once a week on Sunday only and twice a day from Monday to Saturday, a total of 4 weeks of treatment. The SWT, FDA, ChSWAL-QOL, and TCRGS scores of the three groups of patients before and after treatment were compared to evaluate the effect of CENA on remodelling the function of swallowing reflex and cough reflex and promoting the recovery of dysarthria and swallowing quality of life in pseudobulbar palsy in patients with tracheotomy intubation for severe cerebral haemorrhage. Results. After treatment, the WST and TCRGS grade scores decreased and the FDA and ChSWAL-QOL scores increased significantly in all three groups compared with the pretreatment scores and were statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the three groups for these four indicators after treatment; the comparison between groups showed significant differences in the CENA group compared to the electro-acupuncture and acupuncture groups. The efficiency of the CENA group was significantly better than that of the electro-acupuncture and acupuncture groups. Conclusion. Compared with the acupuncture and electro-acupuncture groups, the CENA could better promote the remodelling of swallowing function and cough reflex function, promote the recovery of dysarthria, and better improve the quality of life of patients with pseudobulbar palsy from tracheotomy intubation in severe cerebral haemorrhage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Cross Electro‐Nape‐Acupuncture (CENA) for the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Palsy in Patients with Tracheotomy Intubation for Severe Cerebral Haemorrhage

Guo

Sun

et al. 2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…The water swallowing test is frequently used in clinical practice as a functional assessment to evaluate swallowing function (24)(25)(26)(27). The primary outcome of this study was the clinical effectiveness rate (CER).…”

Section: Types Of Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Mirror Therapy for Post-stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundPost-stroke dysphagia is a common symptom after stroke and one of the most frequent and severe complications of stroke. Over the recent years, mirror therapy has generated significant research interest as a non-invasive therapeutic and rehabilitative intervention for post-stroke dysphagia and has been investigated in several randomized controlled trials in single center.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirror therapy for post-stroke dysphagia.MethodsA total of seven databases were searched comprehensively from inception to the 31 December 2021, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wan-fang database, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) from inception to 31 December 2021. The primary outcome measure was efficacy, as measured by clinical effectiveness rate. Secondary outcomes included the water swallowing test and the incidence of pneumonia. In addition, we applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to investigate the risk of bias. Potential publication bias was evaluated by applying Egger's bias indicator test and by assessing the symmetry of data when visualized as funnel plots.ResultsA total of five randomized controlled trials (135 subjects in the experimental group and control group) were found to report the application of mirror therapy for post-stroke dysphagia and were included in this study. No publication bias was detected. Meta-analysis revealed that mirror therapy had a positive effect on the rate of clinical efficacy [odds ratio (OR) = 4.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–7.73] and the water swallowing test [mean difference (MD) = −0.76; 95% CI = −1.29 to −0.22]. Moreover, mirror therapy reduced the incidence of pneumonia (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.03–0.49). Subgroup analyses indicated that mirror therapy during the acute phase was robust but was unstable during the convalescent phase. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results generated by our meta-analysis were robust and stable.ConclusionsAvailable evidence appears to suggest that mirror therapy may have a role in the management of post-stroke dysphagia but has yet to be fully confirmed. Existing evidence from clinical trials suggests that evidence relating to the safety of mirror therapy for patients with post-stroke dysphagia is not yet sufficient.Systematic Review RegistrationIdentifier: CRD42022302733.

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“…Water-Swallowing Test. The water-swallowing test (WST) is frequently used in clinical practice as a functional assessment to evaluate swallowing function [38]. Swallowing performance was assessed with the 30 mL water swallowing test which is cheap, easy to use, and with the highest reliability [39].…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphisms and Alcohol Consumption on Cognitive Impairment after Ischemic Stroke in Han Chinese

Gao

Wang

et al. 2021

Behavioural Neurology

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphisms are related to both stroke risk and alcohol consumption. However, the influence of ALDH2 polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke remains unknown, as do the possible mechanisms. We enrolled 180 Han Chinese ischemic stroke patients from four community health centers in Bengbu, China. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and two different MoCA cutoff scores were used to define cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke patients. The ALDH2 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. To assess the associations of ALDH2 polymorphisms and alcohol consumption with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke, we performed binary logistic regression analysis with odds ratios. We revealed that individuals with the ALDH2 wild-type genotype were more likely to have high MoCA scores than those with the mutant and heterozygous types ( p = 0.034 ). In addition, using two MoCA cutoff scores, the percentage of moderate to excessive alcohol consumption in the cognitive impairment group was higher than that in the nonimpairment group ( p = 0.001 ). The levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal ( p = 0.001 ) and swallowing function ( p = 0.001 ) were also higher in the cognitive impairment group than in the nonimpairment group. Moreover, after adjusting for other potential risk factors, ALDH2 polymorphisms and alcohol consumption had a significant synergistic effect on cognitive impairment ( p = 0.022 ). Specifically, the ALDH2 ∗ 2 mutant allele and higher alcohol consumption were associated with cognitive impairment and swallowing ability after ischemic stroke. Targeting ALDH2 may be a useful biomarker for cognitive rehabilitation following ischemic stroke.

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Swallowing Disorders in Patients with Stroke

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

[Retracted] A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Cross Electro‐Nape‐Acupuncture (CENA) for the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Palsy in Patients with Tracheotomy Intubation for Severe Cerebral Haemorrhage

[Retracted] A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Cross Electro‐Nape‐Acupuncture (CENA) for the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Palsy in Patients with Tracheotomy Intubation for Severe Cerebral Haemorrhage

Efficacy and Safety of Mirror Therapy for Post-stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Synergistic Effects of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphisms and Alcohol Consumption on Cognitive Impairment after Ischemic Stroke in Han Chinese

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