Swallowing Function Improvement Effect of Ginger &lt;i&gt;(Zingiber officinale)&lt;/i&gt;

Abe, Noriaki; Hirata, Ayumu; Funato, Hiroki; Nakai, Megumi; Iizuka, Michiro; Yagi, Yusuke; Shiraishi, Hisashi; Jobu, Kohei; Yokota, Junko; Moriyama, Hironori; Ukeda, Hiroyuki; Hyodo, Masamitsu; Miyamura, Mitsuhiko

doi:10.3136/fstr.21.705

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The ginger concentration was selected based on the studies by Ebihara et al 14) and Sugiyama et al 22) Furthermore, we previously reported the results from a clinical trial in healthy adults in their 20 s and 50s to measure the effect of ginger OD tablets on salivary SP level and improved swallowing function. 23) The ginger OD tablet consisted of 2 mg ginger powder, 177.1 mg excipient mixed with the same amount of mannitol and sucrose, 19.9 mg cornstarch (binder), and 1.0 mg calcium stearate (lubricant). A hand press (NPa Systems, Saitama, Japan) was used to produce ginger OD tablets at a compression pressures of 8 kN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The materials were those used in the general production of the ginger OD tablets 23) except that ginger powder from Kochi was added (Asano Co., Ltd., Kochi, Japan; lot: 2012.10.25). The 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol components were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final product consisted of flat ginger OD tablets (200 mg) with an 8-mm diameter and 3-mm thickness. 23) Placebo tablets consisted of 179.1 mg excipient mixed with the same amount of mannitol and sucrose, 19.9 mg cornstarch (binder), and 1.0 mg calcium stearate (lubricant). The placebo tablets did not include the ginger and were produced in the same manner as the ginger OD tablets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] The swallowing reflex improvement action of 6-gingerol has been reported. 22) However, this study was performed in rat. We chose an orally disintegrating (OD) form for the tablets because they can be easily taken by both pediatric patients and older people with swallowing difficulties and can be maintained at a high concentration in the oral cavity, the site of action of the main component.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We prepared and pharma-ceutically evaluated OD tablets containing ginger, optimized the base formulation, and conducted a clinical trial in healthy adults in their 20's and 50's to measure their effects on salivary SP level and improvement of swallowing function. 23) In this follow-up study, we conducted clinical trials in older people using ginger OD tablets to clinically evaluate improvement in swallowing function resulting from the functional components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginger Orally Disintegrating Tablets to Improve Swallowing in Older People

Hirata

Funato

Nakai

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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We previously prepared and pharmaceutically evaluated ginger orally disintegrating (OD) tablets, optimized the base formulation, and carried out a clinical trial in healthy adults in their 20 s and 50s to measure their effect on salivary substance P (SP) level and improved swallowing function. In this study, we conducted clinical trials using the ginger OD tablets in older people to clinically evaluate the improvements in swallowing function resulting from the functional components of the tablet. The ginger OD tablets were prepared by mixing the excipients with the same amount of mannitol and sucrose to a concentration of 1% ginger. Eighteen healthy older adult volunteers aged 63 to 90 were included in the swallowing function test. Saliva was collected before and 15 min after administration of the placebo and ginger OD tablets. Swallowing endoscopy was performed by an otolaryngologist before administration and 15 min after administration of the ginger OD tablets. A scoring method was used to evaluate the endoscopic swallowing. Fifteen minutes after taking the ginger OD tablets, the salivary SP amount was significantly higher than prior to ingestion or after taking the placebo (p<0.05). Among 10 subjects, one scored 1-3 using the four evaluation criteria. Overall, no aspiration occurred and a significant improvement in the swallowing function score was observed (p<0.05) after taking the ginger OD tablets. Our findings showed that the ginger OD tablets increased the salivary SP amount and improved swallowing function in older people with appreciably reduced swallowing function.Key words older people; dysphagia; ginger; orally disintegrating tablet; substance P; saliva The Japanese population is aging rapidly with older people (≥65 years) making up greater than 22% with further increases anticipated. Older people often suffer reduced vital functions from a combination of underlying disease and reduced physical and cognitive abilities. In particular, dysphagia is a serious problem and combined with reduced cough reflex, leads to increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. Currently pneumonia is the third leading cause of death in Japan, and the cause of death in greater than 90% of older patients. Aspiration is the speculated cause in many of the pneumonia related deaths. 1-3) Dysphagia also leads to malnutrition, dehydration, and loss of pleasure in eating, decreasing the patients' quality of life. The swallowing reflex is controlled by substance P (SP). Secretion of SP from nerve endings in the bronchial mucosa and oral cavity 4,5) is essential to proper swallowing function and reduced SP secretion is the cause of dysphagia. Swallowing dysfunction can be caused by decreased production of dopamine and SP. Salivary SP levels in older people are reported to be significantly lower than in healthy younger individuals. 6) When basal ganglia are disturbed, such as with cerebral infarction, dopaminergic nerve function decreases and then SP secretion decreases. These effects combined with reduced cough and swallowing reflex in...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ginger Orally Disintegrating Tablets to Improve Swallowing in Older People

Hirata

Funato

Nakai

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials

Bodagh

Maleki

Hekmatdoost

2018

Food Science & Nutrition

127

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Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, which is used as a spice globally has a long history of medicinal use that stimulates investigators to assess its potential roles as an adjuvant therapy or alternative medicine in a range of diseases. Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiulcer effects of ginger have been proven in many scientific studies, and some of the ancient applications of ginger as a home remedy has been confirmed in human. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the effects of ginger consumption on gastrointestinal disorders based on clinical trials. Our data indicate that divided lower daily dosage of 1500 mg ginger is beneficial for nausea relief. Because of limited number of studies on some other gastrointestinal disorders, the results may not be as much powered as to find significant results. Therefore, more extensive and well‐controlled human studies of ginger or its standard extracts are required to demonstrate its efficacy as a gastroprotective agent. Dose‐finding studies should be undertaken to accurately determine the effective dose and preparation of ginger in further clinical trials protocol.

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Application of Natural Ingredients to Preventive Medicine

Yokota

2017

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

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The super-aging society in Japan is currently experiencing growing demand for treatments that improve health and longevity. To develop new high-functional foods and search for pharmaceutical candidates among foods and natural products, it is necessary to promote organic collaboration among researchers in pharmacy, medicine, nutrition, and otherˆelds to encourage joint utilization of their technologies. Recently, attempts have been made to use numerous foods and natural products to prevent or treat diseases based on scientiˆc evidence. We have been endeavoring to develop preventive medicines from foods and natural ingredients by engaging in relevant activities such as screening these substances to determine the structures of their eŠective ingredients, verifying pharmacological activities, and conducting clinical trials. In this study, the eŠectiveness of Goishi tea (postfermented tea) and Flos Lonicerae (Japanese honeysuckle) for metabolic syndrome and hepatic disorders, respectively, was explored. Multicomponent foods and natural ingredients have diverse eŠects produced by the actions of individual components as well as the interactions among diŠerent components. Additionally, when using natural ingredients and similar materials, it is necessary to consider the diŠerent extraction e‹ciencies of various methods and their absorption, deposition, metabolism, and excretion after consumption. The in‰uence of intestinal bacteria and other factors is also critical. In our study, the administration of Goishi tea and Flos Lonicerae in animal models of disease demonstrated high functionality. Based on theseˆndings, we plan to conduct further investigations, including clinical studies in human participants, focusing on the potential usefulness of Goishi tea and Flos Lonicerae as functional foods.

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Swallowing Function Improvement Effect of Ginger <i>(Zingiber officinale)</i>

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Ginger Orally Disintegrating Tablets to Improve Swallowing in Older People

Ginger Orally Disintegrating Tablets to Improve Swallowing in Older People

Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials

Application of Natural Ingredients to Preventive Medicine

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