SWAN: A Multicenter, Multiethnic, Community-Based Cohort Study of Women and the Menopausal Transition

Sowers, Mary Fran; Crawford, Sybil L.; Sternfeld, Barbara; Morganstein, David; Gold, Ellen B.; Greendale, Gail A.; Evans, Denis A.; Neer, Robert M.; Matthews, Karen A.; Sherman, Sherry; Lo, Annie; Weiss, Gerson; Kelsey, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1016/b978-012453790-3/50012-3

Cited by 576 publications

(598 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Sampling methods and participation rates for each site are fully described elsewhere. 24 Data of 14 148 women of the 16 065 women constitute the basis of the present report. Data of women were excluded from the analysis as follows: 557 women with missing data needed to compute BMI; nine women with BMI values out of …”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index in mid-life women: relative influence of menopause, hormone use, and ethnicity

Abrams²,

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative in¯uence of menopausal status and hormone use on body mass index (BMI) among a multiethnic sample of mid-life women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey conducted at seven sites where each site targeted an ethnic minority group and Caucasians as part of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). SUBJECTS: A total of 7181 Caucasians, 3949 African-Americans, 1660 Hispanics, 562 Chinese Americans, and 803 Japanese Americans between ages of 40 and 55 y residing in or near Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Newark, NJ, Oakland, CA, and Pittsburgh, PA. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported BMI based on weight in kg divided by height in m 2 menopausal status, physical inactivity, postmenopausal hormone use, ethnicity, and age in years. RESULTS: Compared to premenopausal women (covariate adjusted M 27.3), women reporting a surgical menopause (M 28.2) or being in the perimenopausal transition (M 27.7 for early and 27.9 for late perimenopause) had higher BMI. Women reporting a natural menopause (M 27.4) did not have a higher BMI than premenopausal women, after adjusting for chronological age and other covariates. Hormone use was associated with lower BMI (M 26.5 vs 27.3). A comparison of effect sizes showed that menopausal status (F 13.1), followed by chronological age (F 24.0), were the least powerful predictors of BMI, whereas the more powerful predictors were physical activity level (F 1377.1) and ethnicity (F 400.5). CONCLUSIONS: The menopausal transition affects body mass index in mid-life, but the effect is small relative to other in¯uences. Interventions to increase physical activity are highly recommended to prevent increases in adiposity common in mid-life.

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index in mid-life women: relative influence of menopause, hormone use, and ethnicity

Abrams²,

et al. 2001

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“…Detailed description of the SWAN study design has been previously published. 23 Briefly, each site recruited white women and women identifying as belonging to one specified minority (African American in Pittsburgh, Boston, Chicago, and the Detroit area; Japanese in Los Angeles; Chinese in the Oakland, CA region; and Hispanic in Newark, NJ). Eligible women were aged 42-52 years at baseline and had an intact uterus, at least one menstrual period, and no use of reproductive hormones in the previous 3 months.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Prairie

Wisniewski

Luther

et al. 2015

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Women report many nonvasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition, including sleep disturbances, depressed mood, and sexual problems. The co-occurrence of these three symptoms may represent a specific menopausal symptom triad. We sought to evaluate the interrelatedness of disturbed sleep, depressed mood, and sexual problems in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) and determine the characteristics of women exhibiting this symptom triad. Methods: SWAN is a multisite, multiethnic observational cohort study of the menopausal transition in the United States. Sleep disturbance, sexual problems, and depressed mood were determined based on self-report. Women who reported all three symptoms simultaneously were compared to those who did not. Logistic regression models estimated the association of demographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics with the symptom triad. Results: Study participants (n = 1716) were 49.8 years old on average and primarily in very good or excellent health. Sixteen and a half percent had depressed mood, 36.6% had a sleep problem, and 42.2% had any sexual problem. Five percent of women (n = 90) experienced all three symptoms. Women with the symptom triad compared with those without had lower household incomes, less education, were surgically postmenopausal or late perimenopausal, rated their general health as fair or poor, and had more stressful life events and lower social support. Conclusions: The symptom triad of sleep disturbance, depressed mood, and sexual problems occurred in only 5% of women, and occurred most often among women with lower socioeconomic status, greater psychosocial distress, and who were surgically menopausal or in the late perimenopause.

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“…Study design has been described previously (Sowers et al, 2000). Briefly, a screening survey conducted between November 1995 and October 1997 assessed eligibility for SWAN.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Bromberger

Matthews

Schott

et al. 2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

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SWAN: A Multicenter, Multiethnic, Community-Based Cohort Study of Women and the Menopausal Transition

Cited by 576 publications

References 5 publications

Body mass index in mid-life women: relative influence of menopause, hormone use, and ethnicity

Body mass index in mid-life women: relative influence of menopause, hormone use, and ethnicity

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

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