Sward composition and soil moisture conditions affect nitrous oxide emissions and soil nitrogen dynamics following urea-nitrogen application

Bracken, Conor; Lanigan, Gary; Richards, Karl G.; Müller, Christoph; Tracy, Saoirse R.; Grant, James; Król, Dominika; Sheridan, Helen; Lynch, M.B.; Grace, C.; Fritch, Rochelle; Murphy, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137780

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The higher grass proportion and N uptake appeared to depress the N 2 O emission factor, but the higher legume proportion associated positively with N 2 O-N EF. Accordingly, Bracken et al [64] reported a significant functional group identity effect on cumulative N 2 O emissions, with emissions increasing with the increasing white clover proportion and decreasing with the increasing perennial ryegrass proportion for both irrigated and non-irrigated pastures. Similarly, Niklaus et al [59] reported a significant legume effect on N 2 O emission.…”

Section: Factors That Controlled N 2 O Emission and Ef At The Site 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

et al. 2021

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pastures can vary significantly depending on soil and environmental conditions, nitrogen (N) input, as well as the plant’s ability to take up the N. We tested the hypothesis that legume-based N sources are characterized by significantly lower emission factors than mineral N based dairy systems. Therefore, this study monitored N2O emissions for a minimum of 100 days and up to two growing seasons across a gradient of plant species diversity. Emissions were measured from both, grazed pastures and a controlled application of urine and dung using the static chamber method. About 90% of the accumulated N2O emissions occurred during the first 60–75 days. The average accumulated N2O emissions were 0.11, 0.87, 0.99, and 0.21 kg ha−1 for control, dung, urine patches, and grazed pastures, respectively. The N uptake efficiency at the excreta patch scale was about 70% for both dung and urine. The highest N2O-N emission factor was less than half compared with the IPCC default (0.3 vs. 0.77), suggesting an overestimation of N2O-N emissions from organically managed pastures in temperate climates. Plant diversity showed no significant effect on the N2O emissions. However, functional groups were significant (p < 0.05). We concluded that legume-containing pasture systems without a fertilizer addition generally appear capable of utilizing nitrogen inputs from excreta patches efficiently, resulting in low N2O emissions.

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Section: Factors That Controlled N 2 O Emission and Ef At The Site 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Although duplicate δ 15 N bulk measurements by CRDS & SSIM and IRMS‐B of N 2 O samples from NO 3 − conversions were not significantly different, there was quite a large mean difference between samples. It could not be determined if this was because of the 15 N enrichment of these samples from an experiment in which greater variability can be expected 32 or to the concentration of these samples far exceeding the specified operating range of the CRDS instrument which may have introduced additional measurement error. Again, this shows that future users may need to consider further sample preparation steps such as accurate dilution 15 depending on their sample analysis needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second comparison was carried out between CRDS & SSIM and an IRMS instrument (Sercon 20–22 Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer coupled with a Sercon CryoPrep‐2 and Sercon autosampler; Sercon, Crewe, UK) at lab B, herein referred to as IRMS‐B. Duplicate gas samples were used from a field experiment in which a 2% 15 N‐enriched urea fertiliser was applied 32 . In the field experiment soil samples were taken periodically after fertiliser application, and soil NO 3 − was extracted using 2 M KCl and converted to N 2 O 33 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and verification of a novel isotopic N₂O measurement technique for discrete static chamber samples using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy

Bracken

Lanigan

Richards

et al. 2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale N2O isotopomers are a useful tool to study soil N cycling processes. The reliability of such measurements requires a consistent set of international N2O isotope reference materials to improve inter‐laboratory and inter‐instrument comparability and avoid reporting inaccurate results. All these are the more important given the role of N2O in anthropogenic climate change and the pressing need to develop our understanding of soil N cycling and N2O emission to mitigate such emissions. Cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) could potentially overcome resource requirements and technical challenges, making N2O isotopomer measurements more feasible and less expensive than previous approaches (e.g., gas chromatography [GC] and isotope ratio mass spectrometry [IRMS]). Methods A combined laser spectrometer and small sample isotope module (CRDS & SSIM) method enabled N2O concentration, δ15Nbulk, δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and site preference (SP) measurements of sample volumes <20 mL, such as static chamber samples. Sample dilution and isotopic mixing as well as N2O concentration dependence were corrected numerically. A two‐point calibration procedure normalised δ values to the international isotope‐ratio scales. The CRDS & SSIM repeatability was determined using a reference gas (Ref Gas). CRDS & SSIM concentration measurements were compared with those obtained by GC, and the isotope ratio measurements from two different mass spectrometers were compared. Results The repeatability (mean ± 1σ; n = 10) of the CRDS & SSIM measurements of the Ref Gas was 710.64 ppb (± 8.64), 2.82‰ (± 0.91), 5.41‰ (± 2.00), 0.23‰ (± 0.22) and 5.18‰ (± 2.18) for N2O concentration, δ15Nbulk, δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and SP, respectively. The CRDS & SSIM concentration measurements were strongly correlated with GC (r = 0.99), and they were more precise than those obtained using GC except when the N2O concentrations exceeded the specified operating range. Normalising CRDS & SSIM δ values to the international isotope‐ratio scales using isotopic N2O standards (AK1 and Mix1) produced accurate results when the samples were bracketed within the range of the δ values of the standards. The CRDS & SSIM δ15Nbulk and SP precision was approximately one order of magnitude less than the typical IRMS precision. Conclusions CRDS & SSIM is a promising approach that enables N2O concentrations and isotope ratios to be measured by CRDS for samples <20 mL. The CRDS & SSIM repeatability makes this approach suitable for N2O “isotopomer mapping” to distinguish dominant source pathways, such as nitrification and denitrification, and requires less extensive lab resources than the traditionally used GC/IRMS. Current study limitations highlighted potential improvements for future users of this approach to consider, such as automation and physical removal of interfering trace gases before sample analysis.

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“…The optimization and/or reduction of N fertilizer applications will reduce N fertilizer application rates, which has the potential to be compensated for through increased incorporation of legumes in grasslands and arable rotations [11,12] . Legumes can fix N biologically (e.g., clover can fix up to 80-200 kg• ha −1 • yr −1 N [13,14] ) and subsequently the requirement for fertilizer is reduced, which leads to reductions in CO2, N2O and NH3 emissions associated with fertilizer manufacture, transport and application [15] .…”

Section: Reduced Use or Optimization Of Synthetic N Application Inclu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emission Mitigation Priorities for Uk Policy Targets

2023

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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HIGHLIGHTS• An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.• Interventions considered to have the highest mitigation potential are discussed.• Experts agreed that no single mitigation measure can uniquely deliver GHG and ammonia mitigation.• Experts noted a need for further investment in research, knowledge exchange, education and to develop implementation pathways.• There is a need for more data to better quantify mitigation potentials and implement effective management strategies.

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Sward composition and soil moisture conditions affect nitrous oxide emissions and soil nitrogen dynamics following urea-nitrogen application

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Development and verification of a novel isotopic N₂O measurement technique for discrete static chamber samples using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emission Mitigation Priorities for Uk Policy Targets

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Sward composition and soil moisture conditions affect nitrous oxide emissions and soil nitrogen dynamics following urea-nitrogen application

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Nitrous Oxide Emission from Grazing Is Low across a Gradient of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Conditions

Development and verification of a novel isotopic N2O measurement technique for discrete static chamber samples using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emission Mitigation Priorities for Uk Policy Targets

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Development and verification of a novel isotopic N₂O measurement technique for discrete static chamber samples using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy