Sward Structure, Light Interception, and Rhizome‐Root Responses of Rhizoma Peanut Cultivars and Germplasm to Grazing Management

Mullenix, Mary K; Sollenberger, Lynn E.; Wallau, Marcelo; Rowland, Diane; Blount, Ann R.; Vendramini, J. M. B.; Silveira, Maria L.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2015.08.0508

Cited by 19 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Herbage bulk density in the current experiment is greater than reported previously for less intensively grazed Ecoturf (0.18-0.27 Mg dry matter ha −1 cm −1 ; Mullenix et al, 2016b). They did find, however, that Ecoturf pregrazing canopy height was shorter and herbage bulk density greater than those of Florigraze, Tito, and Peace across seasons and for RI of both 3 and 6 wk.…”

Section: Herbage Bulk Densitycontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…These data are markedly different than those reported for closely and frequently grazed Florigraze RP, where root-rhizome mass decreased from 4.0 to ?0.5 Mg ha −1 during 2 yr of grazing (Ortega-S. et al, 1992b). A previous report showed that Ecoturf had greater root-rhizome mass than Florigraze under a range of grazing treatments (4450 and 3490 kg ha −1 , respectively; Mullenix et al, 2016b). Change for Ecoturf over a comparable timeframe in the current study was a 1.5-Mg ha −1 increase in rhizome mass for the 1-wk RI and no change for the 4-cm SH treatments.…”

Section: Root-rhizome Mass and Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate Poolsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…When differences among grazing treatments occurred for Ecoturf, the 6-wk RI was generally favored over the 3 wk, and a treatment removing 50% of plant height by grazing was generally favored over one that removed 75%. Differences in Ecoturf responses to grazing between the current study and that of Mullenix et al (2016aMullenix et al ( , 2016b may be due in part to the use of mature swards (>10 yr) in the current study, whereas the pastures of Mullenix et al (2016aMullenix et al ( , 2016b were not yet 2 yr old and were less well established. This assertion is supported by more than threefold greater root-rhizome mass in the current vs. the former study.…”

Section: Herbage Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

et al. 2018

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Forage–livestock systems in the southeastern United States are based on N‐fertilized perennial grass pastures, with minimal legume contribution. The legume rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) can persist and spread in grazed mixtures with C4 grasses, and Ecoturf RP is of particular interest because it is relatively decumbent and may vary its growth habit in response to defoliation management. The objective was to quantify effects of grazing frequency and intensity of Ecoturf on herbage accumulation (HA), canopy characteristics, storage organ mass, and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration. Treatments were the factorial combinations of three levels of regrowth interval (RI; 1, 4, and 7 wk) between grazing events and two levels of post‐grazing stubble height (SH; 4 and 8 cm). For the 4‐cm SH, HA increased from 8.4 to 10.5 Mg ha−1 in 2015 and from 9.8 to 13.6 Mg ha−1 in 2016 as RI decreased from 7 to 1 wk. The effect of RI was less pronounced for the 8‐cm SH. When grazed to a 4‐cm SH, herbage bulk density and post‐grazing leaflet mass increased linearly as RI decreased from 7 to 1 wk in both years. Changes in root‐rhizome mass and TNC pool during 2 yr of grazing were not affected by SH or RI. Ecoturf adapted to frequent, close grazing by increasing herbage bulk density and positioning leaves close to the soil surface, allowing rapid regrowth after defoliation without depleting reserves. Ecoturf is tolerant of a range of grazing strategies, showing promise for use in pastures.

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Section: Herbage Bulk Densitycontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Root-rhizome Mass and Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate Poolsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Herbage Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

et al. 2018

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“…Although efforts continue to increase adoption of legumes in warm-climate grasslands (Castillo et al, 2014;Mullenix et al, 2016aMullenix et al, , 2016b, the effect of legume proportion on grass sward nutrient cycling is not well understood, particularly when compared with grass monocultures receiving N fertilizer. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of N fertilization of bahiagrass monoculture and the proportion of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization and Proportion of Legume Affect Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Return in Grass Pastures

et al. 2018

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Warm‐climate grasslands are often N limited. Legume litter decomposition can contribute significantly to N input in grazing systems, but its contribution depends on litter deposition, decomposition, and chemical composition. We evaluated these responses for 2 yr in unfertilized (BG) and fertilized (BGN; 50 kg N ha−1) bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) monocultures and in mixed swards of bahiagrass plus the legume rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Legume–grass mixture litter had greater initial N concentration (26 g N kg−1 organic matter [OM]) and lower C/N ratio (22) than BG and BGN, which did not differ from each other (18 g N kg−1 OM, C/N ratio of 31). Litter biomass relative decay rate was greater for mixtures than for bahiagrass monocultures. As a result, less biomass and N remained at the end of incubation in mixtures (62 and 76%, respectively) than in monocultures (69 and 80%, respectively). Litter deposition rate was similar across treatments, but faster decomposition and greater N concentration for legume–grass mixtures resulted in larger litter N release than in monocultures (44 and 26 kg ha−1, respectively). At the end of incubation, remaining litter biomass and remaining N decreased with increasing litter legume proportion, whereas litter N concentration and litter decay rate increased. Results indicate that legume–grass mixtures are an alternative to N fertilizer for increasing N cycling through plant litter in grasslands, and although litter deposition rates were similar across treatments, increasing legume proportion in mixtures is likely to be associated with greater litter N release.

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“…Leaf samples were reweighted after the burn trial and divided by their pre‐trail mass to determine the ratio of leaf mass consumed (g/g). Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were measured in under‐ground storage organs and fibrous roots of three individuals of each species using the method of Mullenix et al () and expressed as concentrations (mg/g; Diaz‐Toribio, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine savanna plant community disassembly after fire suppression

Díaz‐Toribio

Carr²,

Putz

2020

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Biodiversity is being lost rapidly due to anthropogenic changes in land use, climate, and other environmental conditions. In fire‐maintained ecosystems, altered fire regimes accelerate native species loss — community disassembly — and promote recruitment of fire‐sensitive species. In this study, we ask whether fire suppression results in changes over time in functional trait composition of ground‐layer species and whether these changes differ in longleaf pine savannas invaded by hardwoods from those invaded by sand pines. Location Five Floridian locations on the southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Methods At each location we selected a fire‐maintained and fire‐suppressed savanna and measured percent plant cover by ground‐story species in 1,000 m2 plots. For 102 of these species, we measured 10 functional traits — height, growth form, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf water content, leaf ignition time, leaf mass consumed by fire, light compensation points (LCPs), non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations in under‐ground organs, and seed mass. Results Fire exclusion was associated with reductions in both functional diversity and species richness. We identified 38 species exclusive to frequently burned sites: these species showed high LDMC values, high LCPs, high leaf mass consumed, and low leaf ignition time values. Lack of fire was associated with loss of 6 of the 12 C4 native grass species. Species and functional trait composition were affected by both time‐since‐fire and whether post‐fire communities were invaded by broadleaved trees (Quercus spp. and Liquidambar styraciflua) or by sand pine (Pinus clausa). Conclusions We demonstrated the effects of altered disturbance regimes on savanna plant species and functional trait composition. This trait‐based approach advanced our understanding of how altered disturbance regimes can alter plant communities. Although 38 shade‐intolerant and flammable native savanna species were absent by 10 years since fire, 12 such species persisted even 40 years after fire exclusion.

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Sward Structure, Light Interception, and Rhizome‐Root Responses of Rhizoma Peanut Cultivars and Germplasm to Grazing Management

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

Phenotypic Plasticity and Other Forage Responses to Grazing Management of Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut

Nitrogen Fertilization and Proportion of Legume Affect Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Return in Grass Pastures

Pine savanna plant community disassembly after fire suppression

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