"Swastika Offenders": Variations in Etiology, Behavior and Psycho-Social Characteristics

Stein, Howard; Martin, John M.

doi:10.2307/799408

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The study’s findings reveal a positive association between the presence of Jewish buildings, indicative of larger Jewish populations, and anti-Semitic crime also corroborates Stein and Martin’s (1962) study showing that perpetrators of anti-Semitic crime often lived in neighborhoods with larger Jewish populations. This is similar to D.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Such an atmosphere of frustration, threat, and uncertainty must lead to hostility, which can be funneled into juvenile delinquency, prejudice and intergroup hate” (p. 116). Further, Stein and Martin (1962) found that these “swastika offenders” in NYC lived in neighborhoods with higher proportions of Jewish residents. Therefore, while offenders were primarily frustrated by Blacks, they found Jewish persons to be a suitable target to vent their frustrations.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While prior work holds that poor economic conditions can also induce non-White minorities to engage in violence against Whites (Gladfelter et al 2017; Jacobs and Wood 1999; Lyons 2007), it is unclear whether non-White minorities would also respond to such conditions with anti-Jewish violence. In the vein of Deutsch’s (1962) and Stein and Martin’s (1962) work, the current study investigates whether increasing White populations in Black and non-White neighborhoods are associated with increases in anti-Jewish hate crime in which such crime is actually an expression of frustration, or stress, with White populations, rather than Jewish populations (and I discuss strain theory in more detail below). The current study also investigates anti-Jewish hate crime as an outcome of Jewish visibility via the presence of Jewish buildings (e.g., synagogues).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

Mills

2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: There is a growing body of macro-level studies examining hate crime. These studies however largely focus on ethnoracial hate crime, leading to a relative dearth of research investigating the etiology of anti-Jewish hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a community-level analysis of anti-Jewish hate crime in New York City. Methods: Using data from the New York Police Department’s Hate Crimes Task Force, the current study employs a series of negative binomial regressions to investigate the impact of defended neighborhoods, social disorganization, and strain variables on anti-Jewish hate crime. Results: The results show that defended neighborhoods consistently predict higher levels of anti-Jewish hate crime in White, Black, and non-White neighborhoods even when accounting for social disorganization and strain variables. Results also demonstrate that anti-Jewish crime occurs in communities that are more socially organized and with better economic conditions. Conclusions: This study’s findings reveal Jewish victims to be a catchall target when a minority group increasingly moves into a majority area. These defended neighborhoods, and other findings have intriguing implications for both criminology’s social disorganization theory and the police and others charged with combatting bias crimes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

Mills

2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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God and Group: The Religious Ecology of Hate Crimes Against Jews and Muslims in the United States

Seto

2024

Justice Quarterly

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Were Cloward and Ohlin Strain Theorists? Delinquency and Opportunity Revisited

Cullen¹

1988

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Although Cloward and Ohlin are frequently seen as offering a variation of Merton's strain theory, I argue that their work is more accurately conceived as offering a fundamental critique of this paradigm—a critique rooted most firmly in the writings of the Chicago School. Cloward and Ohlin's central premise is that strain (or stress) theories are incomplete because they do not account for the content of the resulting adaptation. As a result, a second perspective—which they called “opportunity theory”—is needed to explain why persons choose one wayward path rather than another. I attempt to detail Cloward and Ohlin's reasoning, suggest reasons why the main point of their theorizing has often been missed, and discuss the significance of their perspective for formulating more adequate explanations of crime and deviance.

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"Swastika Offenders": Variations in Etiology, Behavior and Psycho-Social Characteristics

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

God and Group: The Religious Ecology of Hate Crimes Against Jews and Muslims in the United States

Were Cloward and Ohlin Strain Theorists? Delinquency and Opportunity Revisited

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