Portable
and wearable dual-mode sensors that can simultaneously
detect multiple stimuli are essential for emerging artificial intelligence
applications, and most efforts are devoted to exploring pressure-sensing
devices. It is still challenging to integrate temperature and pressure-sensing
functions into one sensor without the requirement for complex decoupling
processes. Herein, we develop a self-powered and multifunctional dual-mode
sensor by dip-coating melamine sponge with both poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS) and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
By integrating thermoelectric and conductive PEDOT:PSS/CNT components
with the hydrophilic and resilient porous sponge, the resultant sensor
is efficient in independently detecting temperature and pressure changes.
The temperature and pressure stimuli can be independently converted
to voltage and electrical resistance signals on the basis of the Seebeck
and piezoresistive effects, respectively. The sensor exhibits a high
Seebeck coefficient of 35.9 μV K–1 with a
minimum temperature detection limit of 0.4 K and a pressure sensitivity
of −3.35% kPa–1 with a minimum pressure detection
limit of 4 Pa. Interestingly, the sensor can also be self-powered
upon illumination. These multi-functionalities make the sensor a promising
tool for applications in electronic skin, soft robots, solar energy
conversion, and personal health monitoring.