Sweat sensing in the smart wearables era: Towards integrative, multifunctional and body-compliant perspiration analysis

Legner, Christopher; Kalwa, Upender; Patel, Vishal; Chesmore, Austin; Pandey, Santosh

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.020

Cited by 102 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The wearable sensor has become a new concept of ion-selective devices [1,4,[6][7][8][9]74]. As proposed, biomedical diagnostics are experiencing a change from labor-based implements to portable devices.…”

Section: Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

et al. 2020

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Wearable sensors based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are currently attracting intensive attention in monitoring human health conditions through real-time and non-invasive analysis of ions in biological fluids. SC-ISEs have gone through a revolution with improvements in potential stability and reproducibility. The introduction of new transducing materials, the understanding of theoretical potentiometric responses, and wearable applications greatly facilitate SC-ISEs. We review recent advances in SC-ISEs including the response mechanism (redox capacitance and electric-double-layer capacitance mechanisms) and crucial solid transducer materials (conducting polymers, carbon and other nanomaterials) and applications in wearable sensors. At the end of the review we illustrate the existing challenges and prospects for future SC-ISEs. We expect this review to provide readers with a general picture of SC-ISEs and appeal to further establishing protocols for evaluating SC-ISEs and accelerating commercial wearable sensors for clinical diagnosis and family practice.

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Section: Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of flexible sensors have recently been developed for non-invasively assessing personal physiological states by detecting analytes of interest (like those in sweat) [6][7][8][9]. Potentiometric Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

et al. 2020

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“…The eccrine secretion is odourless and composed of urea, sodium chloride and immunoglobins. While apocrine sweat is composed of steroids, lipids, proteins and pheromones, typically, eccrine sweat is the most relevant for WBS studies (Legner et al, 2019).…”

Section: Epidermal Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are focused on the detection and quantification of physical and chemical properties of metabolites, electrolytes in biological fluids (Mahato et al, 2017; Purohit et al, 2020; Scognamiglio & Arduini, 2019). The principal biological fluids evaluate sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), tears or saliva through enzymatic, electrochemical or colorimetric (optics) reactions (Ashley et al, 2019; Bariya et al, 2018; Bussan & Robertson, 2019; Chao et al, 2017; Eftekhari et al, 2018; Ghrera et al, 2018; Kaur et al, 2018; Legner et al, 2019; Parrilla, Cuartero, & Crespo, 2019; Ray, Choi, Reeder, et al, 2019; Tasca et al, 2019). In this context, WS can be used to monitor a wide range of targets, such as body movements, or signals from the environment outside the body, such as exposure to vapours or environmental toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and current challenges in non‐invasive wearable sensors and wearable biosensors—A mini‐review

et al. 2020

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“…Sweat rate measurement is an application rising noticeable interest within wearable sensor research due to the insightful information that can be retrieved using non-invasive methods. Sweat can be easily an unobtrusively collected and analyzed by wearable sensor systems [1] and smart textiles [2], [3]. Sweat composition and transport of analytes from blood has been studied for long time to identify possible biomarkers offering useful insights on ongoing metabolic processes within the body [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphysics Modeling of a Wearable Sensor for Sweat Rate Measurements

Prada

Vivaldi

Bonini

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 &Amp; IoT

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Innovative wearable devices are allowing the noninvasive and remote collection of physiological signals from the human body. Sweat analysis has gained remarkable interest for the non-invasive determination of electrolytes and metabolites, particularly in athletes. Monitoring of sweat rate is of interest to support measurements concerning sweat composition and to assess the overall water loss due to physical activity. The final aim is to prevent dehydration and keep an optimal balance of electrolytes, which is important for the safety of athletes and to obtain the best possible performances. We speculate that these devices can also be useful for the protection of workers performing heavy physical tasks. The evaporation of sweat from the skin surface, which is essential for thermal regulation in humans, is largely influenced by ambient factors. Depending on the measurement approach, ambient temperature and humidity as well as air flow do not only affect evaporation but also the measurement of sweat rate. This paper presents a multiphysics model describing the effect of air speed and ambient humidity on an open chamber based sweat rate sensor. Results of simulations will allow to optimize the design of the device so that interferences from ambient conditions are minimized. Index Terms-Sweat rate, open chamber, multiphysics modeling, sensor.

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Sweat sensing in the smart wearables era: Towards integrative, multifunctional and body-compliant perspiration analysis

Cited by 102 publications

References 109 publications

Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

Advances and current challenges in non‐invasive wearable sensors and wearable biosensors—A mini‐review

Multiphysics Modeling of a Wearable Sensor for Sweat Rate Measurements

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