“…While all energy efficiency projects could be good candidates, OSSs are particularly well equipped in addressing the market fragmentation barrier on both demand and supply sides , overcoming some of the sociotechnical barriers surrounding the decision to renovate in a holistic way (Mahapatra et al, 2013(Mahapatra et al, , 2011). Yet, there are only a few studies specifically investigating the OSS approach (Brown, 2018;De Nigris, 2019;Mahapatra et al, 2013;Pandelieva-Dimova, 2017;Pardalis, Mahapatra, Bravo, & Mainali, 2019;Pardalis, Mahapatra, Mainali, & Bravo, 2021;, in part because it has only recently started to emerge in Europe (Boza-Kiss & Bertoldi, 2018). In the "Smart Financing for Smart Buildings initiative" published in Annex 1 to the Clean Energy Package, the European Commission encourages Member States to develop dedicated local or regional OSSs as a means of promoting more locally developed project pipelines and strong and trustworthy partnerships with local actors such as SMEs, financial institutions, and energy agencies.…”