Swedish multi-level planning system for critical infrastructure protection

Groβe, C.; Olausson, Pär M.

doi:10.1201/9781351174664-237

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The CABs bear a double burden in STYREL as participants in the process and as regional co-ordinators. During the execution of the planning, CABs occupy a central role as intermediates between the national, regional and local levels [60]. According to the reference process, the CAB's role is directed both from the top down and from the bottom up; however, the latter is incomplete because the national level lacks co-ordination.…”

Section: The System-of-systems Associated With Styrelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Level Planning for Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Resilience against Power Shortages—An Analysis of the Swedish System of Styrel

Grosse

2021

Infrastructures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The protection of infrastructure that is critical to society’s functionality, survival and progression has gained significance because of its large-scale and interdependent nature. This complex system-of-system (SoS) imposes extensive requirements on governance efforts to foster critical infrastructure protection (CIP). This paper uses the kaleidoscope for integrative system analysis (KISA) to investigate a Swedish approach for CIP against power shortages, called Styrel. Based on multiple sources of evidence, such as documents with regard to the case, interviews and a survey with involved experts, the analysis focuses on the system of emergency planning and the usage of the resulting plan. The results deliver insights into the governance of the multi-level planning, including issues regarding policies, the management and operation of Styrel, and accelerating problems in the adaption, emergence and entropy of the SoS, during and between process iterations. Since this large-scale approach largely fails to involve the private sector to enhance the resilience of the society, this proceeding results in uncalculated consequences. In addition, the current design of the approach hampers transparency and evaluation, which poses obstacles to the cultivation of mutual trust, collective learning and a shared understanding as well as proper risk communication with the wider public.

show abstract

Section: The System-of-systems Associated With Styrelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Level Planning for Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Resilience against Power Shortages—An Analysis of the Swedish System of Styrel

Grosse

2021

Infrastructures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data collection included publicly available documents, semi-structured interviews, and a survey, which enabled data triangulation (Gerring, 2007). Additionally, partial studies (Danielsson, Nyhlén and Olausson, 2020;Olausson, 2019;Große, 2017;Große and Olausson, 2018;Große, 2019;2018), field notes, reflections, internal meeting protocols, and individual experiences of involved researchers along with the progress of the research project enriched the material basis of the present study (Bryman and Bell, 2015).…”

Section: Material: Data Collected During the Research Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the regional level maintains a central role as the coordinator in STYREL's top-down and bottom-up approach (Große and Olausson, 2018), the survey focused on perceptions regarding co-operation and decision-making at the regional level. The aim was to distribute the questionnaire at a joint workshop organised by the SEA.…”

Section: Distribution Of Survey and Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, Sweden has developed the national planning process STYREL (Swedish Energy Agency (SEA), 2014). This approach involves a multi-level system of public and private actors from different levels in society, whereas county administrative boards (CABs) co-ordinate between municipalities within counties and a considerable number of national agencies (Große and Olausson, 2018). During the STYREL process, the actors sequentially identify and prioritise CI and produce a ranked list of power lines that power grid operators (PGOs) shall prioritise if the power supply must be limited by order from the national operator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Left in the Dark: Obstacles to Studying and Performing Critical Infrastructure Protection

Grosse¹,

Olausson²,

Lundåsen³

2021

EJBRM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper highlights major methodological obstacles to studying and performing critical infrastructure protection (CIP) in general and CIP governance in particular. The study simultaneously examines a research project on and practice in the context of Swedish CIP. The complex planning approach of interest is called Styrel, a Swedish acronym for Steering Electricity to prioritised power consumers. It aims to identify and prioritise power consumers of societal importance, collectively referred to as critical infrastructure (CI), to provide an emergency response plan for the event of a national power shortage. Methodologically, the investigation uses material from document studies, interviews and a survey, which involved many actors from the Swedish case. For the analysis of the methodological obstacles, this study applies an abstracted research and development process that encompasses four steps: data collection, data assessment, decision-making and evaluation. The paper mutually maps the insights from the research project to the empirical evidence from the case study. Through this reflective analysis, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges that significantly impede research and practice in the context of national and international CIP, for example, insufficient information sharing and knowledge exchange among parties, a lack of integrated and advanced methods, and uncertainty in policies that induces a variety of local approaches. In addition, since empirical research on implemented CIP plans is limited, this paper addresses this gap. It reveals five general obstacles for both research and practice: a) the access to high-quality data, b) the loss of knowledge over time, c) the interpretation and evaluation of processes and methods, d) the transferability and comparability of data, results and insights; whereas all culminate in 5) a lack of collective intelligence. The accumulation of these obstacles hinders a detailed assessment of decision-making for CIP and its consequences on society. For this reason, this study emphasises the need for enhancing mutual understanding among the various parties in the area of CIP while respecting relevant security issues when inventing novel methods that facilitate collective intelligence.

show abstract

“…However, this process is static and does not take into account neither real-time conditions of an outage, nor the specifics of a community an outage occurs in (Arghandeh et al 2014). To bring in the societal perspective with respect to load prioritization during outages, systems such as Styrel in Sweden have been introduced, where consumers are categorized into pre-defined categories and assigned classes and points, based on which electricity distribution is performed during a power shortage (Landegren et al 2014;Grosse and Olausson 2018). However, this type of prioritization still does not include active participation of communities affected by outages that can be empowered to make local decisions regarding their energy resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-determined distribution of local energy resources for ensuring power supply during outages

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ensuring access to reliable and sustainable power supply is becoming more and more challenging due to a combination of factors such as more frequent power grid outages caused by extreme weather events, the large-scale introduction of renewable energy resources that increases the complexity of the power system, but also aging infrastructure, supply and demand imbalance and power theft in some areas. Combined, all these factors can cause outages and together they can make electricity supply unreliable. The implications of this are many, ranging from minor inconveniences to major failures of critical infrastructures. A potential solution to ensure power supply during outages is to use local generation in the form of renewable resources to supply energy. This paper proposes a community-based mechanism that demonstrates that when community members can determine for themselves how excess energy generation is distributed, the power supply of specific members can be ensured. Self-determination is achieved by prioritizing and differentiating between community members as well as automatically and continuously redistributing energy, thereby adapting to sudden changes in supply and demand. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can be used to empower local communities to decide for themselves how local resources are distributed during events such as outages, ensuring prolonged power supply for differentiated members of affected communities. Harnessing the potential of renewable resources and smart technologies for intelligent coordination through empowerment of consumers to become pro-active participants is a promising solution for the future power systems.

show abstract

Swedish multi-level planning system for critical infrastructure protection

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Multi-Level Planning for Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Resilience against Power Shortages—An Analysis of the Swedish System of Styrel

Multi-Level Planning for Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Resilience against Power Shortages—An Analysis of the Swedish System of Styrel

Left in the Dark: Obstacles to Studying and Performing Critical Infrastructure Protection

Self-determined distribution of local energy resources for ensuring power supply during outages

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About