Sweet graphene: exfoliation of graphite and preparation of glucose-graphene cocrystals through mechanochemical treatments

González, Viviana Jehová; Rodríguez, Amelia del Carmen Rodríguez; León, Verónica; Frontiñán-Rubio, Javier; Fierro, J.L.G.; Durán-Prado, Mario; Muñoz‐García, Ana B.; Pavone, Michele; Vázquez, Éster

doi:10.1039/c8gc01162a

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…[37] Among the available routes to produce pristine graphene,m echanical graphite exfoliation in ball mills has been recognized as af acile strategy for the low-cost scalable production of graphene nanoplatelets.S uch delamination of graphite is often carried out in the presence of solid dispersing agents such as melamine [38] or carbohydrates. [39] In recent years,a na lternative mechanochemical selfexfoliation of graphite through the edge-selective functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets has been reported. [40] As demonstrated by Baek and co-workers,t he mechanical treatment of graphite by ball milling in the presence of carbon dioxide led to the formation of carboxylated graphite.…”

Section: Mechanochemical Edge Functionalization Of Graphene Nanosheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants

2019

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In recent years, the application of mechanical energy to chemical systems has repeatedly proven beneficial to facilitate chemical transformations in various areas in chemistry. Today, a systematic body of evidence indicates that mechanochemistry holds great promise to become a game‐changer in chemical synthesis. Not only does mechanochemistry permit access to products that are inaccessible by established means (e.g. purely thermal activation), mechanochemical reactions often outperform their solution‐based counterparts in terms of sustainability. Most mechanochemical reactions carried out by ball milling techniques involve transformations of solids and liquids, but the number of mechanochemical reactions with gaseous reactants is increasing. The aim of this Minireview is to provide an overview of recent chemical reactions involving gaseous samples by ball milling techniques and to highlight advances in ball milling technology for the safe handling of gaseous reagents. Examples of reactions proceeding at the interface of solid–/liquid–/gas–gas systems that led to significant improvements in reactivity or selectivity will also be highlighted.

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Section: Mechanochemical Edge Functionalization Of Graphene Nanosheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants

2019

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“…This fact, along with the low oxygen content, means that this material can be considered as a sub-product of a GRM degradative process. sFLG is produced by a green preparation approach using glucose as the exfoliating agent 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure of small few-layer graphene promotes metabolic alterations in human skin cells

Frontiñán-Rubio

Gómez

González

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Small few-layer graphene (sFLG), a novel small-sized graphene-related material (GRM), can be considered as an intermediate degradation product of graphene. GRMs have a promising present and future in the field of biomedicine. However, safety issues must be carefully addressed to facilitate their implementation. In the work described here, the effect of sub-lethal doses of sFLG on the biology of human HaCaT keratinocytes was examined. A one-week treatment of HaCaTs with sub-lethal doses of sFLG resulted in metabolome remodeling, dampening of the mitochondrial function and a shift in the redox state to pro-oxidant conditions. sFLG raises reactive oxygen species and calcium from 24 h to one week after the treatment and this involves the activation of NADPH oxidase 1. Likewise, sFLG seems to induce a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and promotes the use of glutamine as an alternative source of energy. When sub-toxic sFLG exposure was sustained for 30 days, an increase in cell proliferation and mitochondrial damage were observed. Further research is required to unveil the safety of GRMs and degradation-derived products before their use in the workplace and in practical applications.

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“…[1] One of the most distinct benefits of mechanochemical syntheses by ball milling is the possibility to generate unique product compositions compared to solution-based protocols. [3,4] Thus,new avenues to react chemicals that differ in their solubility profiles were opened, [5] forw hich finding ac ommon reaction medium would be otherwise problematic.S uch advantages by mechanochemistry have proven particularly valuable in areas of research focused on the synthesis and functionalization of poorly soluble two-and three-dimensional carbon-based materials.Examples include the iconic mechanochemical dimerization of C 60 , [6] thedevelopment of mechanically based procedures for the delamination of graphite, [7] them echanochemical functionalization of graphene nanosheets, [8] and the recent mechanosynthesis of nanographenes, [9] to name just af ew. [3,4] Thus,new avenues to react chemicals that differ in their solubility profiles were opened, [5] forw hich finding ac ommon reaction medium would be otherwise problematic.S uch advantages by mechanochemistry have proven particularly valuable in areas of research focused on the synthesis and functionalization of poorly soluble two-and three-dimensional carbon-based materials.Examples include the iconic mechanochemical dimerization of C 60 , [6] thedevelopment of mechanically based procedures for the delamination of graphite, [7] them echanochemical functionalization of graphene nanosheets, [8] and the recent mechanosynthesis of nanographenes, [9] to name just af ew.…”

Section: In Memory Of Professor Dieter Endersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanosynthesis of Odd‐Numbered Tetraaryl[n]cumulenes

2019

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A mechanochemical synthesis of one‐dimensional carbon allotrope carbyne model compounds, namely tetraaryl[n]cumulenes (n=3, 5) was realized. Central for the mechanosynthesis of the cumulenic carbon nanostructures were the development of a mechanochemical Favorskii alkynylation‐type reaction and the implementation of a solvent‐free, acid‐free reductive elimination with tin(II) chloride by ball milling.

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Sweet graphene: exfoliation of graphite and preparation of glucose-graphene cocrystals through mechanochemical treatments

Abstract: Mechanochemical treatment with carbohydrates has led to the successful exfoliation of graphite, which could be considered as a sustainable methodology to prepare graphene.

Cited by 59 publications

References 99 publications

Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants

Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants

Sublethal exposure of small few-layer graphene promotes metabolic alterations in human skin cells

Mechanosynthesis of Odd‐Numbered Tetraaryl[n]cumulenes

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