Sweet taste receptor in the hypothalamus: a potential new player in glucose sensing in the hypothalamus

Kohno, Daisuke

doi:10.1007/s12576-017-0535-y

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…There is also a strong evidence suggesting the importance of the brain-gut axis in regulating pancreatic secretion (Konturek et al, 2003;Jaworek et al, 2010). Interestingly, sweet/amino acid receptors also are located in the hypothalamus (Heeley and Blouet, 2016;Kohno, 2017) which likely are important in sensing systemic glucose and amino acid concentrations and along with neural and hormonal signals are sensed by the hypothalamus which allows for coordinated central control of metabolism, including intestinal and pancreatic function. Other hormones thought to influence pancreatic exocrine and intestinal function either directly or through neural signals include melatonin, C-natriuretic peptide, endocannabinoids and leptin to name a few (Chandra and Liddle, 2009).…”

Section: Mechanisms Regulating the Nutritional Modulation Of Digestivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Nutritional regulation of intestinal starch and protein assimilation in ruminants

Harmon

Swanson

2020

Animal

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Pregastric fermentation along with production practices that are dependent on high-energy diets means ruminants rely heavily on starch and protein assimilation for a substantial portion of their nutrient needs. While the majority of dietary starch may be fermented in the rumen, significant portions can flow to the small intestine. The initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic α-amylase. Numerous nutritional factors have been shown to influence pancreatic α-amylase secretion with starch producing negative effects and casein, certain amino acids and dietary energy having positive effects. To date, manipulation of α-amylase secretion has not resulted in substantial changes in digestibility. The second phase of digestion involves the actions of the brush border enzymes sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase. Genetically, ruminants appear to possess these enzymes; however, the absence of measurable sucrase activity and limited adaptation with changes in diet suggests a reduced capacity for this phase of digestion. The final phase of carbohydrate assimilation is glucose transport. Ruminants possess Na+-dependent glucose transport that has been shown to be inducible. Because of the nature of pregastric fermentation, ruminants see a near constant flow of microbial protein to the small intestine. This results in a nutrient supply, which places a high priority on protein digestion and utilization. Comparatively, little research has been conducted describing protein assimilation. Enzymes and processes appear consistent with non-ruminants and are likely not limiting for efficient digestion of most feedstuffs. The mechanisms regulating the nutritional modulation of digestive function in the small intestine are complex and coordinated via the substrate, neural and hormonal effects in the small intestine, pancreas, peripheral tissues and the pituitary—hypothalamic axis. More research is needed in ruminants to help unravel the complexities by which small intestinal digestion is regulated with the aim of developing approaches to enhance and improve the efficiency of small intestinal digestion.

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Section: Mechanisms Regulating the Nutritional Modulation Of Digestivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Nutritional regulation of intestinal starch and protein assimilation in ruminants

Harmon

Swanson

2020

Animal

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“…There is also evidence in mammals for GK-independent glucosensing mechanisms. These include (1) enhanced expression of liver X receptor (LXR) (Mitro et al 2007, Kruse et al 2017, (2) activation of intracellular signalling cascade by sweet taste receptors (Herrera Moro Chao et al 2016, Kohno 2017, (3) enhanced expression of sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) (González et al 2009, Thorens 2012) and (4) increased expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in response to mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Beall et al 2010, Diano & Horvath 2012. Evidence obtained in recent years also supported the presence in fish hypothalamus of comparable glucosensing mechanisms (Fig.…”

Section: Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective

Soengas

Cerdá‐Reverter

Delgado

2018

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

120

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Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.

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“…Although taste receptors were initially discovered in taste buds, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that sweet taste receptors are expressed throughout the body, including the nasal epithelium, respiratory system, pancreatic islet cells, and even in sperm and testes [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Chemosensory Cells In the Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugars, Sweet Taste Receptors, and Brain Responses

2017

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Sweet taste receptors are composed of a heterodimer of taste 1 receptor member 2 (T1R2) and taste 1 receptor member 3 (T1R3). Accumulating evidence shows that sweet taste receptors are ubiquitous throughout the body, including in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the hypothalamus. These sweet taste receptors are heavily involved in nutrient sensing, monitoring changes in energy stores, and triggering metabolic and behavioral responses to maintain energy balance. Not surprisingly, these pathways are heavily regulated by external and internal factors. Dysfunction in one or more of these pathways may be important in the pathogenesis of common diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Sweet taste receptor in the hypothalamus: a potential new player in glucose sensing in the hypothalamus

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Review: Nutritional regulation of intestinal starch and protein assimilation in ruminants

Review: Nutritional regulation of intestinal starch and protein assimilation in ruminants

Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective

Sugars, Sweet Taste Receptors, and Brain Responses

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