Sweetgum: a new look

Adams, J. F.; Lingbeck, Jody M.; Crandall, Philip G.; Martin, Elizabeth M.; O’Bryan, Corliss A.

doi:10.3832/ifor1462-008

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Willow may also have potential for SRWC production in the southeast, but has received relatively little research attention thus far (Kline & Coleman, ; Rousseau, Gardiner, & Leininger, ). American sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua L.) is currently the best hardwood option for most of the southeastern region as it tolerates a range of site conditions (Adams, Lingbeck, Crandall, Martin, & O'Bryan, ; Nelson, Switzer, & Shelton, ) and demonstrates fairly consistent production rates (Kline & Coleman, ). However, sweetgum exhibits relatively slow early growth rates that can be similar to loblolly pine (Davis & Trettin, ).…”

Section: Silvicultural Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Griffiths

Rau²,

Vaché

et al. 2018

GCB Bioenergy

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Logging and mill residues are currently the largest sources of woody biomass for bioenergy in the United States, but short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs) are expected to become a larger contributor to biomass production, primarily on lands marginal for food production. However, there are very few studies on the environmental effects of SRWCs, and most have been conducted at stand rather than at watershed scales. In this manuscript, we review the potential environmental effects of SRWCs relative to current forestry or agricultural practices and best management practices (BMPs) in the southeast United States and identify priorities and constraints for monitoring and modeling these effects. Plot‐scale field studies and a watershed‐scale modeling study found improved water quality with SRWCs compared to agricultural crops. Further, a recent watershed‐scale experiment suggests that conventional forestry BMPs are sufficient to protect water quality from SRWC silvicultural activities, but the duration of these studies is short with respect to travel times of groundwater transporting nitrate to streams. While the effects of SRWC production on carbon (C) and water budgets depend on both soil properties and previous land management, woody crops will typically sequester more C when compared with agricultural crops. The overall C offset by SRWCs will depend on a variety of management practices, the number of rotations, and climate. Effects of SRWCs on biodiversity, especially aquatic organisms, are not well studied, but a meta‐analysis found that bird and mammal biodiversity is lower in SRWC stands than unmanaged forests. Long‐term (i.e., over multiple rotations) water quality, water use, C dynamics, and soil quality studies are needed, as are larger‐scale (i.e., landscape scale) biodiversity studies, to evaluate the potential effects of SRWC production. Such research should couple field measurement and modeling approaches due to the temporal (i.e., multiple rotations) and spatial (i.e., heterogeneous landscape) scaling issues involved with SRWC production.

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Section: Silvicultural Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Griffiths

Rau²,

Vaché

et al. 2018

GCB Bioenergy

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“…Hardwood sawn timber has historically garnered higher prices than pulpwood with an average of 20.40 US $ ton -1 (Adams et al 2015). In the TimberMart South, second quarter report of 2016, mesquite pulpwood averaged around 10 US $ ton -1 and sawn timber averaged 25 US $ ton -1 (Tim-berMart-South 2016).…”

Section: Lumbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on the control of invasive mesquite trees and possible alternative uses

Ellsworth¹,

Crandall²,

Lingbeck³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Perspective on the control of invasive mesquite trees and possible alternative uses Seth W Ellsworth (1) , Philip G Crandall (1-2) , Jody M Lingbeck (2) , Corliss A O'Bryan (2) Mesquite trees continue to invade forests and range lands in many countries across the world. The cost to remove these trees is staggering. In Texas, landowners spent $25 million over a 10-year period to clear 300.000 ha of mesquite trees, a fraction of the 22 million ha of Texas land affected by this invasion. Estimates are that the mesquite continues to negatively impact one to two percent of additional land in selected counties each year in Texas. However, the problem is not unique to Texas, but rather to the 44 species of mesquite trees, belonging to the genus Prosopis found in the pea family (Fabaceae), introduced across the southern United States, South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean. In response, researchers are searching for economically viable uses for harvested trees and seeds to provide an alternative to the high cost of removal. If viable uses for harvested mesquite trees and seeds are found, then sustained pressure will limit and ultimately reduce the negative impact from these invasive trees. One key factor to controlling this invasive species is to find economically and environmentally sustainable uses to help pay the costs of removal or perhaps make removal less necessary. Traditional uses of mesquite are as a building material, as a source of food for both animals and humans and as wood for charcoal. Emerging uses of mesquite are new applications as a biofuel and as a bio-filter medium for water. Moreover, forestry land management of mesquite has adapted to include the tree as a component of hunting lands. New control methodologies and technologies are based on an increased understanding of mesquite growth patterns, using recommended practices that reduce control and eradication costs while improving the efficiency of land management. Previous land management practices have proven that excessive application of herbicides, physical removal of mesquite trees, or human-induced brush fires, if not carefully planned, only worsen mesquite infestations. The growing problem of mesquite land management provides an opportunity for continued research into novel ways to utilize mesquite biomass, of both wood and seed pods.

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“…Until now, there have been no effective control strategies against N. parvum, and it has been inferred that horizontal transmission of this pathogen [23] leads to increased risk in a large number of hosts; therefore, it is relevant to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in disease establishment in other important hosts, for example, Liquidambar styraci ua, a deciduous timber tree that is often used for reforestation, agroforestry, and landscaping [24]. L. styraci ua L. (Atingiaceae) is native to the Americas and is currently distributed in regions localized in North and Central America [25]; it has also been widely introduced in eastern and central China [26]. This tree is also called American sweetgum and is an attractive hardwood species for potential bioenergy production [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular insights into the infection process provoked by Neofusicoccum parvum in Liquidambar styraciflua and the identification of new cysteine-rich proteins in both organisms

Vázquez-Avendaño

Rodríguez-Haas

Velázquez-Delgado

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Neofusicoccum parvum belongs to the Botryosphaeriaceae family, which groups endophytic and latent pathogens of woody plants responsible for diseases such as cankers, dieback and blight. It is a widespread pathogen with a broad host range, including agricultural, horticultural and forestry plants; therefore, it is relevant to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease caused by this pathogen. This work reports for the first time N. parvum as a pathogen of Liquidambar styraciflua. We established an in vitro pathosystem using foliar tissue to characterize the infection process through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because cysteine-rich proteins (CysRPs) have been studied for their important functions in plant-pathogen interactions, new CysRPs were identified for these organisms, and mRNA expression of these proteins was analyzed at early time points during the interaction.Results: After the first 24 hours post infection, the pathogen caused visible symptoms, and microscopic analysis at 16 days post infection revealed the presence of N. parvum pycnidia embedded in L. styraciflua leaf tissue. For both organisms, two databases with transcriptomic and genomic information were analyzed, and five new CysRPs were identified for each organism. The length varied between 95 and 204 amino acids, and in silico analysis revealed that all the proteins are potentially secreted. The search for conserved domains and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all the proteins are novel, including two of N. parvum that present the well-known CFEM domain. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted at 24 and 72 hours post infection, and the results showed changes in the levels of CysRP mRNAs for both the plant and the fungus at early stages during the interaction.Conclusions: N. parvum was identified for the first time as a pathogen of L. styraciflua, and this work presents an approach to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this interaction, highlighting the potential involvement of CysRPs of both organisms under this biotic stress.

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Sweetgum: a new look

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Perspective on the control of invasive mesquite trees and possible alternative uses

First molecular insights into the infection process provoked by Neofusicoccum parvum in Liquidambar styraciflua and the identification of new cysteine-rich proteins in both organisms

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