Swelling of Brazilian Organoclays in Some Solvents with Application in the Petroleum Industry

Abstract

Brasgel clay has been modified via cation exchange reaction using quaternary ammonium chlorides (stearyl dimethylammonium chloride, Praepagen). Basal spacing, interlamellar structure clay have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The organoclay was characterized by the Foster Swelling test. The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium salts were intercalated between the layers of clay. The Foster Swelling Test results indicated that the affinity of stearyl dimethylammonium chloride, Praepagen occurred in the treated clay tested in all organic solvents (diesel, gasoline, toluene and p-xylene), without and with agitation. the treated sample presented a high swelling capacity (with and without agitation) when tested in gasoline. On the other hand, when inserted in diesel oil without agitation, the treated samples presented low swelling capacity, but when the assay was performed under agitation, it yielded an intermediate swelling capacity. In Toluene, the samples presented intermediate swelling, both without and with agitation. In p-xylene, the samples presented low swelling, without and intermediate swelling, with agitation. Therefore, this clay can be used for the removal of oils and greases from polluted aqueous effluents of the petroleum industry.

Oil–water separation process with organoclays: A comparative analysis

“…The XRD patterns indicate that the modification of the clay with quaternary ammonium salts (DSDMAC, ADMBAC and DSDMAC/ADMBAC) leads to the expansion of the montmorillonite (Akçay, 2004;Chittum et al, 1997;Queiroz et al, 2010;Rodrigues et al, 2010;Ruiz-Hitzky and Meerbeek, 2006;Shen, 2001;Wang et al, 2004;Xi et al, 2004). In addition, the reflection is shifted to lower values of angles, which confirms the intercalation of cations between the silicate layers.…”

“…According to XRD measurements, it was possible to determine the significant increase in basal spacing in comparison to unmodified clay, which indicates proper intercalation of quaternary ammonium salt between the layers of the clay. Queiroz et al (2010) have performed the modification of both the Brasgel clay and gray clay through cation exchange reaction by using the quaternary ammonium salt (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide). According to the authors, the compatibility of the modified Brasgel and gray clays with solvents such as gasoline, diesel, toluene and lubricating oil was improved.…”

Solvent Effect on the Morphology of Lamellar Nanocomposites Based on HIPS

“…In order to improve the clay compatibility with the matrix, it is necessary to modify the clay with quaternary ammonium salt, which promotes affinity with organic polymers as the surfactant can aid induce intercalation and clay lamellae exfoliation, generating different nanomaterials morphologies and, consequently, different properties 8,9,10 . Foster showed that each solvent can promote different degrees of swelling in the clay galleries, which was also demonstrated in Queroz et al work 11 . The swelling can help the intercalation and exfoliation process of the clay layers in the polymer matrix, thus forming polymer nanocomposites.…”

“…The swelling can help the intercalation and exfoliation process of the clay layers in the polymer matrix, thus forming polymer nanocomposites. It is known that each clay nanostructure presents different properties; generally the intercalation structure may improve the impact property and exfoliation structure may improve the water barrier and gas barrier property and also anti-flammability characteristics 12,11 . Various characterization techniques are used to evaluate the characteristics of these new materials.…”

Characterization and Application of Catalysts Hard Green Clay and MoO₃/ Hard Green Clay in Transesterification Reaction of Soybean Oil

“…Clay catalysts are interesting materials not only because of the low cost of their raw materials, but also because they are less harmful to the environment [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, acid activation is one of the modifications that can be made in clays [10,12].…”