Swelling of clay minerals during the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores by magnesium salts

Chen, Zhuo; Zhang, Zhenyue; Liu, Defeng; Chi, Xiao-Wang; Chen, Wendou; Chi, Ruan

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.008

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Other elements found were Fe, K, and Ca, and in a lesser relative content, Mn and S. For the carbonate rock El Abra, the presence of Ca and Mg (CaCO 3 and CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ), as well as other elements such as V and Ti in a smaller proportion, was confirmed. 31,33 These results indicate that fluid-rock interactions cause an ionic change on the solid surface. In this sense, the correct salinity of the aqueous phase could alter the fluid affinity of the rock.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clay-Sand Wettability Evaluation for Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

Cortes-Cano¹,

Suárez-Domínguez²,

Pérez-Sánchez³

et al. 2022

ChChT

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In this work, the effect of distilled water, a biodiesel viscosity reducer, and a commercial nonionic surfactant on the apparent permeability of clay-sand cores through the analysis of contact angle, linear swelling, and porous media fluid flow for a northern Mexico crude oil was evaluated. The results showed that the clay content influences the contact angle values having a lower wettability effect in the rocky medium. The addition of biodiesel produces a fluid movement similar to the addition of distilled water. Biodiesel-based flow enhancer not only reduces the crude oil viscosity but also improves the flowability through porous media. However, this behavior is only valid if the soil is not saturated with salty water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This test demonstrates water injection capability as an EOR technic; due to higher water content, the emulsion formed is O/W, which is less viscous and easy to extract from porous media. [33][34][35] Fig. 4 shows some micrographs examples of the materials and the drop test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Sand Wettability Evaluation for Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

Cortes-Cano¹,

Suárez-Domínguez²,

Pérez-Sánchez³

et al. 2022

ChChT

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“…The amount of Fe2O3 decreased after the natural clay was acid leached, from 55.13% to 47.83%. It is because the acid leaching treatment aims to reduce the number of impurities in the raw clay (Chen et al, 2020). With the addition of HCl, it is assumed that iron ions will dissolve in acidic solvents to form FeCl3.…”

Section: Analysis Of Metal Oxide Using Xrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Natural Clay from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Side

Putri

2022

J. Akademika Kimia

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Clay is one of the essential natural minerals in human life, especially in the industrial sector, which is widely used as a raw material for ceramics fabrication, adsorbents, and photocatalysts. The characteristics of clay significantly affect the quality of the resulting material. This study will study the aspects of natural clay in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, without the leaching process and with acid leaching. Acid leaching uses 3 M HCl, previously roasted at a temperature of 600 oC. The characterization consisted of metal oxide analysis using XRF, mineral content analysis using XRD, morphological analysis, and compound content using SEM-EDX. The results showed that the primary metal oxide content in natural clay was Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2, the content of Fe2O3 decreased after the raw clay was treated with acid. The main mineral content in the sample is quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. The sample's morphology looks different after being given acid treatment; the acid leaching natural clay sample shows a porous morphology, while the natural clay without acid leaching shows the morphology in the form of lumps. The EDX mapping analysis showed that the number of impurities decreased after being given acid treatment.

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“…The percolation characteristics of leachate in clay minerals are influenced by multiple factors, including ore composition [9], pore structure [10,11], permeability [12], and the properties of the leaching solution [13,14]. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the factors affecting leaching and percolation in ion-type rare earth ores [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Clay Particle Interactions on Leaching Percolation in Ion-Adsorption-Type Rare Earth Ores

Wang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores (IRE-ores) are a vital source of rare earth elements globally. The percolation properties of the ore body significantly determine the ease of rare earth extraction using in situ leaching processes. This paper investigates the interactions among clay particles in ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores within aqueous solutions, utilizing methods such as mineral particle aggregation and settling and acid–base adsorption on mineral surfaces. Based on these analyses, this paper elucidates the influence of solution properties on the percolation process of ion-type rare earth ores during leaching. The results indicate that the electrostatic attraction between minerals in aqueous solutions is pronounced, enhancing the interaction and resulting in a notable instability of the aggregates. The aggregation of minerals impacts the viscous effect of water bound to the mineral surface on the solution, thereby affecting the percolation rate. Extremely low concentrations of SO42− and CH3COO− can act as surface modifiers, reducing the electrostatic attraction between particles and consequently increasing the leaching percolation rate.

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Swelling of clay minerals during the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores by magnesium salts

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Clay-Sand Wettability Evaluation for Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

Clay-Sand Wettability Evaluation for Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

Characterization of Natural Clay from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Influence of Clay Particle Interactions on Leaching Percolation in Ion-Adsorption-Type Rare Earth Ores

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