Swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted GMZ01 bentonite under salinization–desalinization cycle conditions

Chen, Yong-Gui; Zhu, Chun-Min; Ye, Weimin; Cui, Yu-Jun; Wang, Qiong

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.06.033

Cited by 65 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The emulgels had different swelling index values (30-55%), this variation may be dependent on the water uptake nature and chain strength of the polymers used as gelling agent-Carbopol 940 [32]. Swelling to a larger size extend systemic retention [33].…”

Section: Skin Irritation and Anti-inflammatory Assay Of Emulgelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Kola-Mustapha,

Ibraheem,

Taiwo

et al. 2023

Gels

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Introduction: Globally, the incidence of inflammation and inflammatory disorders has continued to rise at an alarming rate. Entandrophragma utile is a species of flowering plant widely distributed in Africa and has been used for the management of sickle cell disease, rheumatism, ocular inflammation, duodenal and stomach ulcers. This research aims to formulate and evaluate an anti-inflammatory herbal emulgel using an extract from Entandrophragma utile stem bark (EUB). Method: Using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of EUB the extract was assessed. The formulated Entandrophragma utile emulgels (EUE) were characterized, and their anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated, by utilizing diclofenac emulgel-treated rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model as the positive control group. Results: The emulgels formulated had characterization results within acceptable ranges; pH (4.25–5.80), viscosity (418.9–112.8 mPas), spreadability (25.00–31.82 gcm/s), extrudability (30.86–51.02 g/cm2), and a swelling index of (30–60%). The emulgel produced a concentration-dependent inflammatory inhibition with a peak effect (117.97%) at the end of the 4th week which was comparable to that of commercial diclofenac (127.19%). The phytochemical analysis led to the identification of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins as active secondary metabolites. Conclusions: The stem bark extract of E. utile possessed noteworthy (p < 0.05) reduction in inflammation in comparison to diclofenac and its emulgel formulation showed enormous potential for treating inflammation and pain.

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Section: Skin Irritation and Anti-inflammatory Assay Of Emulgelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Kola-Mustapha,

Ibraheem,

Taiwo

et al. 2023

Gels

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“…compaction control [18][19][20], mixing with sand [21],bio-cementation and bio-chemical treatment [22][23][24], soil replacement [25], applying additional overburden pressure [26], chemical modification with various additives [27][28][29][30], and inclusion of geosynthetics [13,32]. Notable improvements in engineering characteristics of fat clays are reported using various cementitious stabilizers such as cement and lime [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of fat clay treated with cohesive and cohesion less soils

Farooq,

Mujtaba,

Ashiq

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The present study is aimed to evaluate the amelioration of fat clay by blending it with cohesive non-swelling soil (CNS) and cohesionless silty sandy soil (termed as Kassu). Fat clay sample with liquid limit (LL) 50, plasticity index (PI) 26 was collected from a site located near Narowal city while CNS and Kassu samples were procured from sites located at outskirts of Lahore (Pakistan). Geotechnical parameters evaluated after conducting tests on virgin soil indicated it as unsuitable soil for construction purposes. A series of laboratory tests were performed after blending fat clay with CNS and Kassu in different proportions ranging between 0 ~ 35% with 5%intervals. The laboratory tests including modified Proctor compaction, unconfined compression, California bearing ratio (CBR)and one-dimensional consolidation tests in addition to classification tests were performed on virgin and blended samples. The LL decreased from 50–32% and PI reduced from 24 to 13 with 35% addition of CNS while for Kassu LL and PI reduced to 29% and 12, respectively. CBR value of blended samples increased from 4–7% making the blended soil an acceptable subgrade for roads and foundation construction. Also, swell potential reduced from 4–1.2% ~ 0.26% for blended samples. Regression models have been proposed to predict swell pressure and ultimate swell potential of CNS and Kassu-treated swelling clays. Based on the study, it was concluded that significant improvement in mitigating expansive characteristics of fat clay can be achieved by blending it with CNS and Kassu. Meanwhile, CNS is observed to be more effective as compared to Kassu in controlling the swell properties of the fat clay.

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“…e interaction between clay minerals and water leads to the expansibility, dispersion, thixotropy, plasticity, and impermeability of clay. erefore, clay materials have been widely used in engineering fields, such as high-level radioactive waste disposal [1][2][3], dam clay core wall [4], drilling fluid [5], and so on. In the pipe jacking project, clay is always used to make thixotropic slurry for lubrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Slurry for Long‐Distance Large‐Diameter Pipe Jacking in Expansive Soil

Yang

Liu

Yang

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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When the pipe jacking technology is applied in expansive formation, the soil around the pipe will easily absorb water from the slurry and expand to wrap up the pipe, producing an excessive pipe jacking force. A water-based slurry formula suitable for pipe jacking in expansive soil layer was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the key design points of pipe jacking slurry in expansive soil were put forward. Secondly, plant glue, potassium humate, Na-CMC, and graphite powder were chosen as treating agents to improve the slurry performance. The effect of addition levels of different treating agents on the funnel viscosity, filter loss, expansion ratio, friction coefficient and water dissociation rate of the slurry were tested. Thirdly, based on the results of single-factor tests, a water-based slurry formula suitable for pipe jacking in expansive soil was obtained. Finally, the slurry formula was applied in a practical pipe jacking project in expansive formation, and the jacking force was controlled well in the whole jacking process. The new water-based slurry is cheap and practical and has no pollution to environment. Furthermore, a simple and practical calculating method of the pipe jacking force was presented. The comparison of the calculated and measured pipe jacking force shows that the simple calculating method can estimate the jacking force well. Improving slurry performance to reduce jacking force in pipe jacking and predicting pipe jacking force accurately can help reducing the investment for counterforce wall and jacking system in pipe jacking engineering.

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Swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted GMZ01 bentonite under salinization–desalinization cycle conditions

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation

Amelioration of fat clay treated with cohesive and cohesion less soils

Research on the Slurry for Long‐Distance Large‐Diameter Pipe Jacking in Expansive Soil

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