Swimming and cycling do not cause positive effects on bone mineral density: a systematic review

Abrahin, Odilon; Rodrigues, Rejane Pequeno; Marçal, Anderson Carlos; Alves, Erik Artur Cortinhas; Figueiredo, Rosa Costa; Sousa, Eduinetty Ceci Pereira Moreira de

doi:10.1016/j.rbre.2016.02.013

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This study reported a non‐significant difference in total bone mineral density between the control and the exercise group after the intervention . Consistent with our results, some studies did not find an increase in total bone mineral density in post‐menopausal women after a moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise intervention . In our study, we found a decrease in total bone mineral density, and one possible explanation could be related to the amount of mechanical loading and muscle tension that is needed to increase bone mass .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…35 Consistent with our results, some studies did not find an increase in total bone mineral density in post-menopausal women after a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention. 26,36 In our study, we found a decrease in total bone mineral density, and one possible explanation could be related to the amount of mechanical loading and muscle tension that is needed to increase bone mass. 11 The majority of women in this study chose to walk, 22 which has been shown to be an insufficiently strong stimulus to help preserve bone mineral density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…The effects of exercise on bone health in post-menopausal women have been explored in several studies 24 ; however, results remain inconsistent since not all types of exercises have shown positive effects on bone mineral density. 25,26 The majority of studies have reported the effects of exercise on specific bone regions, such as lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip, given the clinical relevance of these sites in the prevention of fracture risk. [27][28][29][30] Other studies, like ours, have reported the effects of exercise on whole body bone mineral density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women

Gonzalo‐Encabo

McNeil

Boyne

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Exercise is one of the most widely used non‐pharmacological strategies to prevent bone resorption during menopause. Given the detrimental consequences of bone demineralization, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prescribing different exercise volumes on bone mineral density and content in previously inactive, post‐menopausal women during a 12‐month intervention and 1 year after intervention completion. Four hundred post‐menopausal women were randomized to either 150 min/wk (MODERATE dose group) or 300 min/wk (HIGH dose group) of aerobic exercise. Total bone mineral density (g/cm2) and bone mineral content (g) were assessed at baseline, 12 months (end of the intervention) and 24 months (follow‐up) using whole body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. At 12 months, mean bone mineral density among women in the HIGH dose group was estimated to be 0.006 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.001‐0.010; P = 0.02) higher than that of women randomized to the MODERATE dose group. At 24 months, the mean difference between groups remained statistically significant, indicating higher mean bone mineral density among women in the HIGH dose group (0.007 g/cm2; 0.001‐0.001; P = 0.04). No significant differences between groups were found at any time point for bone mineral content. In an exploratory analysis, women who completed more min/wk of impact exercises had significantly higher mean levels of bone mineral density at 12 months compared to baseline (0.006 g/cm2, 95% CI: 0.006‐0.012; P = 0.03). These findings suggest that higher volumes of exercise, especially impact exercise, lead to a smaller decline in total bone mineral density, which may remain following intervention completion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women

Gonzalo‐Encabo

McNeil

Boyne

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…However, the question arises whether Masters sport swimming is certainly good for older athletes strength and health? Abrahin's et al (2016) results showed that swimming has no positive influence on bone mineral density. Banias and Rasadean (2011) highlighted the reduction of swimming speed in relation to age, in freestyle men events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Shoulder Joint Strength Disproportion of Masters Swimmers

Wiażewicz

Eider

2016

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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The aim of this study was to find out whether Masters class swimming affects strength disproportion and if there is a correlation between the length of sport swimming training in Masters swimmer's past (SST) and strength parameter's deficits? Eighteen Masters category swimmers affiliated in Szczecin Masters Team (178.3 ±2.28 m; 77.9 ±2.86 kg) participated in the study. Isokinetic strength measurement was made on Biodex S4 dynamometer. Subjects performed shoulder flexion/extension moves: 3 repetitions -60 deg/sec and 20 repetitions -180 deg/sec. Following values were used: peak torque (PT), maximal repetition work (MRW), coefficient of variation (COV), total work (TW), average power (AP), agonist to antagonist ratio (AG:AN). None of the investigated variables were statistically significant in side to side comparison. All of the parameters were higher in extension. Also, no statistically significant difference between sides in AG:AN. Moderate positive correlation was found between SST and PT deficit in extension movement (0.420). Also low positive correlation between SST and PT deficit in flexion (0.396), and MRW deficit in extension (0.352). Masters class swimming did not affect side strength disproportion or agonist to antagonist differences. However, it is possible that swimming training in other categories does.

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“…Guadalupe-Grau, Fuentes, Guerra, & Calbet (2009) 4 reported that exercise increases peak of bone mass. However, non-weight bearing activities such as swimming and cycling exert little influence on bone mineral density (BMD) 5 , and are thus not suitable for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Impact Drop Exercise Alters Mechanical Properties in Osteopenic Bone

Asano

Val

Serafim

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Osteopenia is a reversible condition and precedes osteoporosis. Physical activity and mechanical loading appear to play an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis, without the side effects of targeted drug therapy. However, there is controversy as to which type of stimulus promotes more effective adaptations with respect to mechanical properties of bones. Objective: To investigate the effects of high-impact drop training on bone structure after ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in 40 10-week-old female Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty female rats (prevention program) were randomly assigned into two groups (n=10): Ovariectomized sedentary (OVX s ), and OVX trained (OVX+Drop t ). OVX+Drop t animals began training 3 days after surgery. Another twenty female rats (treatment program) were randomly assigned to two other groups (n=10): Ovariectomized sedentary (OVX s ), and OVX trained (OVX+Drop t ). OVX+Drop t animals began training 60 days after surgery. The rats in the trained groups were dropped from 40 cm height 20 times/day, 5 days/week over a period of 12 weeks period. At the end, the biomechanical tests were analyzed. Results: The final load and stiffness of the left tibia in the trained groups were higher than in the sedentary groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dropping exercise induced favorable changes in bone mechanical properties. Highimpact drop exercise is effective to prevent bone loss after ovariectomy even when osteopenia is already established.

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Swimming and cycling do not cause positive effects on bone mineral density: a systematic review

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women

Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women

Assessment of Shoulder Joint Strength Disproportion of Masters Swimmers

High-Impact Drop Exercise Alters Mechanical Properties in Osteopenic Bone

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