“…Unfortunately because the aforementioned study was a survey, Noormohammadpour et al was unable to comment on possible structural causes of the pain. Similarly, Zaina et al [28] compared the prevalence of spinal deformities and low back pain in 112 competitive adolescent swimmers, to 217 adolescent non-swimmers, and they found a significant increase in trunk asymmetries, hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis and low back pain in the swimmers group [28]. Lastly, Roy et al reported that 30 % of all clinic visits to a pediatric sports-medicine clinic are due to low back pain, and they found that ''red flags,'' such as participating in contact sports, presenting with neurologic symptoms or having unremitting pain could not be used to predict if objective radiographic pathology would be present on imaging studies [29].…”