Swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Abstract

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs in the absence of water aspiration during swimming and produces acute shortness of breath and a cough with blood-tinged sputum. We report a case of a 58-year-old female athlete presenting with acute dyspnea during the swimming portion of a half-triathlon competition. She had complete resolution within 24 h of presentation.

Treatment of recurrent hunting‐associated respiratory distress episodes in 2 dogs

“…Thus, we believe that the increase in plasma normetanephrine concentration was substantial. Exercise‐induced pulmonary edema frequently is reported in triathletes, 27 especially during intensive swimming 28 . However, the human medical literature does not include evaluation of plasma catecholamine concentrations nor has such an assay been reported in hunting dogs.…”

Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema

“…15 Six of these patients were treated in hospital, two with CPAP and four with bilevel positive airway pressure. [12][13][14]16,17 Treatment duration with NPPV, reported in three of the hospitalized patients, ranged from 90 min to 6 h. 13,14,17 Only one patient receiving prehospital CPAP treatment, without reported treatment duration, was described by Cochard et al 9 In divers with immersion pulmonary edema, a condition similar to SIPE, NPPV has been recommended before pharmacologic treatment. 38,39 However, scientific evidence regarding treatment of immersion pulmonary edema in divers is lacking as well.…”

“…5,11 Interestingly, other than a pilot study published by our research group in 2016, we could find only seven cases of patients treated with NPPV for SIPE in the literature. 9,[12][13][14][15][16][17] An important aspect of prehospital care for SIPE is the growing popularity of open water swimming competitions that challenges the surrounding health care organizations. 15,18 Vansbrosimningen is the largest open water swimming event in Sweden and attracts approximately 11,000 participants yearly.…”

Myocardial oedema in the setting of immersion pulmonary oedema - Cause or effect?

“…[2][3][4][5] A subtype of immersion pulmonary oedema (IPE), it is characterised by fluid accumulation in the lungs in the absence of water aspiration during swimming, resulting in acute dyspnoea, hypoxia and a productive cough. 6 First reported in 1989, its incidence is likely underreported and has been estimated between 1.1% and 1.8%, 2 and frequently occurs in those who are otherwise fit and healthy. Risk factors for development of SIPE include advanced age, 2 female sex, 3 hypertension, 7 long course distances, 4 cooler water temperature, 5 and pre-existing heart disease.…”

“…However, there is a growing body of evidence of an association with swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) 2–5. A subtype of immersion pulmonary oedema (IPE), it is characterised by fluid accumulation in the lungs in the absence of water aspiration during swimming, resulting in acute dyspnoea, hypoxia and a productive cough 6. First reported in 1989, its incidence is likely under-reported and has been estimated between 1.1% and 1.8%,2 and frequently occurs in those who are otherwise fit and healthy.…”