Switchable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Lignin Dissolution and Regeneration

Li, Debao; Qi, Letian; Yang, Mengru; Gu, Yujie; Xue, Yu; Chen, Jiachuan; He, Ming; Yang, Guihua

doi:10.3390/polym15214233

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 75 publications

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“…To understand the structural changes of lignin after degumming hemp fibers, NMR analysis was used, which showed that the main interunit bonds in lignin were bonds β-O-4, β-5, and β-β(Table 1). In summary, most β-O-4 linkages and all β-5 linkages were degraded after degumming [46,47].…”

Section: Fractionation Of Lignocellulosic Materials Using Des-like Mi...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review

Jančíková,

Jablonský

2024

Sustainability

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Green solvents, which include deep eutectic solvent-like mixtures (DES-like mixtures), are categorized as ecological and economical solvents for the pretreatment and fractionation of different types of biomasses. DES-like mixtures represent a group of the most promising green solvents for lignocellulosic pretreatment and are currently used effectively in the biomass pretreatment process. The present work describes the latest applications of DES-like mixtures in biomass delignification processes and, at the same time, summarizes the mechanism of action and influence of DES-like mixture systems on the removal of lignin from different types of biomasses. The results of this review indicate that the physicochemical properties (acidity, hydrogen bond capacity, polarity, viscosity, and water content) of DES-like mixtures have a significant effect on the biomass fractionation process. In addition to the nature of components forming DES-like mixtures, the reaction conditions (temperature, time) influence the efficiency of delignification. Active protons obtained from the hydrogen bond donor facilitate proton-catalyzed bond cleavage during fractionation, where the most significant step is the destruction of the ether and ester bonds between polysaccharides and lignin. DES-like mixtures can depolymerize lignin with subsequent breakdown of the β−O−4 bonds.

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Section: Fractionation Of Lignocellulosic Materials Using Des-like Mi...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review

Jančíková,

Jablonský

2024

Sustainability

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Pretreatment of Vine Shoot Biomass by Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents to Promote Biomass Fractionation and Enhance Sugar Production

Cañadas,

Duque,

Bahíllo

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Vine shoots hold promise as a biomass source for fermentable sugars with efficient fractionation and conversion processes. The study explores vine shoots as a biomass source for fermentable sugars through pretreatment with two deep eutectic solvents mixtures: choline chloride:lactic acid 1:5 (ChCl:LA) and choline chloride:ethylene glycol 1:2 (ChCl:EG). Pretreatment conditions, such as temperature/time, solid/liquid ratio, and biomass particle size, were studied. Chemical composition, recovery yields, delignification extent, and carbohydrate conversion were evaluated, including the influence of washing solvents. Temperature and particle size notably affected hemicellulose and lignin dissolution, especially with ChCl:LA. Pretreatment yielded enriched cellulose substrates, with high carbohydrate conversion rates up to 75.2% for cellulose and 99.9% for xylan with ChCl:LA, and 54.6% for cellulose and 60.2% for xylan with ChCl:EG. A 50% acetone/water mixture increased the delignification ratios to 31.5%. The results underscore the potential of this pretreatment for vine shoot fractionation, particularly at 30% solid load, while acknowledging the need for further process enhancement.

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Switchable Solvent for Separation and Extraction of Lignin from Lignocellulose Biomass: An Investigation of Chemical Structure and Molecular Weight

Li,

Qi,

Gibril

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Lignin, the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, holds considerable promise for applications in various industries. The primary obstacle to the valorization of lignin into useful materials is its low molecular weight and diminished chemical reactivity, attributable to its intricate structure. This study aimed to treat lignocellulosic biomass using a switchable solvent (DBU–HexOH/H2O) derived from the non-nucleophilic superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), which efficiently separates and extracts lignin from poplar wood. Additionally, it sought to characterize fundamental properties of the extracted switchable solvent lignin (SSL) and propose a mechanism for its separation. In comparison to milled wood lignin, SSL exhibits a greater molecular weight, superior homogeneity, and enhanced stability. The SSL sample was analyzed using spectroscopies including infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The findings indicated that the structure of SSL was preserved, with the switchable solvent primarily cleaving the C–C and α-O-4 bonds, resulting in a low hydroxyl content, an elevated H/C ratio, and a reduced O/C ratio. The SSL was successfully prepared to lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with size range of 531–955 nm. This paper presents a technique for processing lignocellulosic biomass using a switchable solvent, highlighting advancements in lignin’s structure and enhancing its use in the chemical sector.

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Switchable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Lignin Dissolution and Regeneration

Cited by 3 publications

References 75 publications

Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review

Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review

Pretreatment of Vine Shoot Biomass by Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents to Promote Biomass Fractionation and Enhance Sugar Production

Switchable Solvent for Separation and Extraction of Lignin from Lignocellulose Biomass: An Investigation of Chemical Structure and Molecular Weight

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