Switchable Perovskite Photovoltaic Sensors for Bioinspired Adaptive Machine Vision

Chen, Qilai; Zhang, Ying; Liu, Shuzhi; Han, Tingting; Chen, Xinhui; Xu, Ya; Meng, Ziqi; Zhang, Guanglei; Zheng, Xuejun; Zhao, Jinjin; Cao, Guozhong; Liu, Gang

doi:10.1002/aisy.202000122

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Perovskite materials have received much attention for solar cells, 1,2 light-emitting diodes, 3,4 X-ray detectors, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] β-ray scintillators, 13 artificial retinas, [14][15][16][17][18] intelligent nervous systems, 19 cell imaging, [20][21][22][23] piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity. 24,25 Organometal halide (OMH) perovskites are a family with a chemical formula of ABX 3 , where A is an organic group, B is Pb or Sn, and X is a halogen, I, Br, or Cl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroic alternation in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite

Qin

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite has attracted broad interest for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and so forth. Experiments have captured that the alternative coexistence of polar and nonpolar domains in MAPbI 3 can be switched by photons and phonons. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the interplay among the crystal space group, polarity, ferroic properties, and switching mechanisms for MAPbI 3 . Herein, we perform a statistical synthesis on ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric features for tetragonal MAPbI 3 perovskite. The polar and nonpolar domains are ferroelectric with the I4cm space group and anti-ferroelectric with the I4/mcm space group, respectively.The domain wall (DW) separating nonpolar and polar regions is charged. Combining the effects of the electric properties of ferroic domains and the charged DWs, novel switching mechanisms are proposed in which photons and phonons drive alternations between ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric domains, which provide a reasonable approach to clarify the ambiguous understanding of ferroic behavior for MAPbI 3 perovskite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroic alternation in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite

Qin

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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“…[40,41] Since its invention, PiFM has gained remarkable popularity as it has been adopted as a tool to map the chemical heterogeneity of biological materials, [42] polymers, [43] graphene plasmons, [44] organic semiconductors, [45] metal organic frameworks (MOFs), [46] and perovskite-based photovoltaic sensors. [47] Independently, both FET-switched KPFM and PiFM are capable of providing high-resolution images of the electrical and chemical properties, respectively, on a wide array of materials. On the other hand, the chemical measurements from PiFM are complementary to the electrical measurements of FET-switched KPFM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Tapping Mode Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Photoinduced Force Microscopy for Correlative Chemical and Surface Potential Mapping

Jakob

Zhou

et al. 2021

Small

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the sample through the measurement of Coulomb force and typically operates in the tapping mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM). [10] The tapping mode AFM operation avoids excess tip-sample contact and is advantageous for preserving the integrity of the sample surface, compared with the contact mode AFM. Besides, AFM imaging in the tapping mode can operate at a higher scan rate than the pulsed force mode. [11][12][13] Although the recent development of KPFM in the pulsed force mode considerably improves the spatial resolution on mapping surface potential under ambient conditions, its operational speed is limited by the subresonance tapping frequency of the pulsed force mode. [14] In comparison, a regular tapping mode operates with a cantilever resonant frequency of hundreds of kilohertz, whereas the pulsed force mode can operate only at a few kilohertz. The upper limit of the potential operational speed of KPFM in the tapping mode should be faster than that of the pulsed force KPFM. The limitations of the current popular tapping mode KPFM are associated with its operational mechanism. [15] Although the original design of the Kelvin probe method by Lord Kelvin for macroscopic measurement did not involve applying an AC voltage, [16] the tapping mode KPFM variants for nanoscopic measurement implement an external AC voltage between the tip and the sample to modulate the electrical force. A DC bias voltage is used under a negative feedback loop to minimize the electrical force-induced cantilever oscillation amplitude at the AC voltage frequency or the frequency shift of the cantilever oscillation at the tapping frequency. [17] Under ambient conditions, the amplitude of the AC drive voltage is often within the range of 1-5 V, posing a risk to voltage-sensitive materials, wherein tip-induced band-bending and charge transfer may generate significant artifacts in the images. [18,19] Furthermore, irreversible sample or tip damage from the large amplitude AC voltage may occur during KPFM measurements if the tip and sample come into unwanted transient contact (e.g., due to external vibrations and noises), even if the AFM is operated in the noncontact or attractive regime of the tapping mode. One way to reduce external noise is to use a low-temperature and ultrahigh vacuum system. However, such systems introduce additional experimental complexity. Therefore, a dual-pass lift Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a popular technique for mapping the surface potential at the nanoscale through measurement of the Coulombic force between an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and sample. The lateral resolution of conventional KPFM variants is limited to between ≈35 and 100 nm in ambient conditions due to the long-range nature of the Coulombic force. In this article, a novel way of generating the Coulombic force in tapping mode KPFM without the need for an external AC driving voltage is presented. A field-effect transistor (FET) is used to directly switch the electrical connectivity of the tip and sample on and off periodically. The...

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“…A solar cell is one of the most effective ways to produce electricity among renewable energy. Furthermore, it is of interest in a variety of sensor applications, such as self-powered sensors [ 2 ], photodetectors [ 3 ], and switchable photovoltaic sensors for machine vision [ 4 ]. The solar cell is a multilayered structure consisting of a light-absorbing layer between two electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Grating Al2O3 Passivation Structure Optimized for High-Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

Park

Kim

Sung

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose an optimized structure of thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with a grating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) passivation layer (GAPL) providing nano-sized contact openings in order to improve power conversion efficiency using optoelectrical simulations. Al2O3 is used as a rear surface passivation material to reduce carrier recombination and improve reflectivity at a rear surface for high efficiency in thin CIGS solar cells. To realize high efficiency for thin CIGS solar cells, the optimized structure was designed by manipulating two structural factors: the contact opening width (COW) and the pitch of the GAPL. Compared with an unpassivated thin CIGS solar cell, the efficiency was improved up to 20.38% when the pitch of the GAPL was 7.5–12.5 μm. Furthermore, the efficiency was improved as the COW of the GAPL was decreased. The maximum efficiency value occurred when the COW was 100 nm because of the effective carrier recombination inhibition and high reflectivity of the Al2O3 insulator passivation with local contacts. These results indicate that the designed structure has optimized structural points for high-efficiency thin CIGS solar cells. Therefore, the photovoltaic (PV) generator and sensor designers can achieve the higher performance of photosensitive thin CIGS solar cells by considering these results.

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Switchable Perovskite Photovoltaic Sensors for Bioinspired Adaptive Machine Vision

Cited by 56 publications

References 70 publications

Ferroic alternation in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite

Ferroic alternation in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite

Integrated Tapping Mode Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Photoinduced Force Microscopy for Correlative Chemical and Surface Potential Mapping

Design of Grating Al2O3 Passivation Structure Optimized for High-Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

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