Switched-capacitor converter for PV modules under partial shading and mismatch conditions

Gökdağ, Mustafa; Akbaba, Mehmet; Gülbudak, Ozan

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.010

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, there is a difference between (9) and (10). In (10), when I module is calculated, the minimum value must be obtained, except for I S with a value of 0.…”

Section: B Current and Voltage For A Bifacial Pv Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a difference between (9) and (10). In (10), when I module is calculated, the minimum value must be obtained, except for I S with a value of 0. This is because I module is a current that flows through both the series-connected solar cells and the bypass diodes, and not through the solar cells only.…”

Section: B Current and Voltage For A Bifacial Pv Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from efforts to develop high-efficiency solar cells and PV modules, there are currently an increasing number of cases where PV power generation system builders and investors are installing the systems without considering the surrounding environment, resulting in significant electrical loss due to shade. One significant reason for the electrical loss of PV power systems is the mismatch between interconnected solar cells due to the shade on the front of the PV module [10], [11]. If the front of the PV module is shaded by surrounding facilities and trees, etc., the solar cell does not produce electricity, but instead acts as a load, so it consumes electricity and generates heat loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Power Performance of Bifacial c-Si PV Modules With Different Shading Ratios

Bhang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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Unlike conventional photovoltaic (PV) modules that generate power by absorbing light through the front side only, a bifacial PV module can generate power by absorbing light through the rear as well as the front, which would lead to an enhancement of power generation. Particularly, bifacial PV modules would have the advantage of lower power loss in shaded environments than monofacial PV modules, thanks to the light absorbed through the rear side. To predict the power of a bifacial PV module in a shaded environment, modeling is suggested by considering the shaded areas, the operational status of the bypass diodes, and the temperature of the bifacial PV module. To verify the power prediction of a bifacial PV module with a shaded area, modeled and measured powers are compared, showing error rates of 7.28%. From the results of the power loss experiments for bifacial and monofacial PV modules in shaded environments, it is confirmed that the bifacial PV module shows a relatively low power loss rate when compared with the monofacial PV module, with a power loss rate being 87.26% of the rate for the monofacial PV module. Index Terms-Bifacial c-Si PV module, bypass diode, shading. I. INTRODUCTION O NE of the major interests of the photovoltaic (PV) power plant operators is the reduction in the installation cost of PV power generation systems [1]. It has been reported that the price of PV modules accounted for 24% of the unit cost of commercial PV power systems in 2018 [2]. One of the possible ways for lowering the cost of installing a PV power system would be the development of a highly efficient solar cell and module that could generate higher power for a given area. A bifacial PV module is a highly efficient PV module that can absorb light not only through the front, but also through the rear. Power generated through the rear side of a bifacial PV module varies with different reflective conditions [3]. However, the standardization of the output of a bifacial c-Si PV module under standard test condition (STC) was in

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“…However, there is a difference between (9) and (10). In (10), when I module is calculated, the minimum value must be obtained, except for I S with a value of 0.…”

Section: B Current and Voltage For A Bifacial Pv Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Current and Voltage For A Bifacial Pv Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Performance of Bifacial c-Si PV Modules With Different Shading Ratios

Bhang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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“…DPP converters are roughly categorized into three groups based on power redistribution scenarios, as shown in Figure 2: the adjacent panel-to-panel architecture, panel-to-panel architecture with an isolated port, and string-to-panel architecture. DPP converters in the adjacent panel-to-panel architecture are based on nonisolated bidirectional converters, such as PWM converters [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and switched capacitor converters [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Isolated bidirectional flyback converters are employed in the panel-to-panel architecture with an isolated port [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LLC Resonant Voltage Multiplier-Based Differential Power Processing Converter Using Voltage Divider with Reduced Voltage Stress for Series-Connected Photovoltaic Panels under Partial Shading

2019

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Partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) strings consisting of multiple panels connected in series is known to trigger severe issues, such as reduced energy yield and the occurrence of multiple power point maxima. Various kinds of differential power processing (DPP) converters have been proposed and developed to prevent partial shading issues. Voltage stresses of switches and capacitors in conventional DPP converters, however, are prone to soar with the number of panels connected in series, likely resulting in impaired converter performance and increased circuit volume. This paper proposes a DPP converter using an LLC resonant voltage multiplier (VM) with a voltage divider (VD) to reduce voltage stresses of switches and capacitors. The VD can be arbitrarily extended by adding switches and capacitors, and the voltage stresses can be further reduced by extending the VD. Experimental verification tests for four PV panels connected in series were performed emulating partial shading conditions in a laboratory and outdoor. The results demonstrated the proposed DPP converter successfully precluded the negative impacts of partial shading with mitigating the voltage stress issues.

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“…fourth and fifth sections are the discussions of the results, conclusions from our research, and guidelines for future research. Different aspects of the partial shading influence on the performance of photovoltaics (PV) modules were analyzed in several available studies [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In several of them, the problem was also analyzed in the form of simulation results based on modeling [10][11][12], and simulations were based on models of single-or double-diode PV cells [13][14][15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of the Double Diode Model of Photovoltaic Cells for Simulation Studies on the Impact of Partial Shading of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules on the Waveforms of Their Current–Voltage Characteristic

2019

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Photovoltaics (PV) is the phenomenon of converting sun energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, solar energy is the major renewable energy source. PV modules are systematically more efficient and manufacturing costs decrease at the same time. The PV module performance is affected by ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, incident solar radiation intensity and spectrum, dust deposition, pollution, and shading, which are environmental factors. The problem of partial shading of the generator often arises when designing photovoltaic installations. If it is not possible to avoid this phenomenon, its impact on the operation of the photovoltaic system should be estimated. The classical method is to measure the current–voltage characteristics, but it requires switching off the installation for the duration of the measurements. Therefore, this paper proposes a method using a computer simulation in the Matlab package with the implemented component “Solar Cell” for this purpose. Three cases of partial shading of photovoltaic modules with different degrees of shading were analyzed. The obtained results of the computer simulation were verified for two types of silicon PV modules: Mono- and polycrystalline.

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Switched-capacitor converter for PV modules under partial shading and mismatch conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Power Performance of Bifacial c-Si PV Modules With Different Shading Ratios

Power Performance of Bifacial c-Si PV Modules With Different Shading Ratios

LLC Resonant Voltage Multiplier-Based Differential Power Processing Converter Using Voltage Divider with Reduced Voltage Stress for Series-Connected Photovoltaic Panels under Partial Shading

Application of the Double Diode Model of Photovoltaic Cells for Simulation Studies on the Impact of Partial Shading of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules on the Waveforms of Their Current–Voltage Characteristic

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