Switching pauses in adult-adult and child-child turn takings: An initial study

Miura, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/bf01068018

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is even considered as a child's major achievement, which is made possible by the early stages of parent-child interaction (e.g., Rutter and Durkin, 1987 ). The mother is seen by some authors as controlling the child rather than facilitating it in the mother-child dyadic interactions (Miura, 1993 ). Adults may play a major role in canalizing the flow of speech so that it is fragmented enough to allow turns between speakers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social coordination in animal vocal interactions. Is there any evidence of turn-taking? The starling as an animal model

et al. 2015

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Turn-taking in conversation appears to be a common feature in various human cultures and this universality raises questions about its biological basis and evolutionary trajectory. Functional convergence is a widespread phenomenon in evolution, revealing sometimes striking functional similarities between very distant species even though the mechanisms involved may be different. Studies on mammals (including non-human primates) and bird species with different levels of social coordination reveal that temporal and structural regularities in vocal interactions may depend on the species' social structure. Here we test the hypothesis that turn-taking and associated rules of conversations may be an adaptive response to the requirements of social life, by testing the applicability of turn-taking rules to an animal model, the European starling. Birdsong has for many decades been considered as one of the best models of human language and starling songs have been well described in terms of vocal production and perception. Starlings do have vocal interactions where alternating patterns predominate. Observational and experimental data on vocal interactions reveal that (1) there are indeed clear temporal and structural regularities, (2) the temporal and structural patterning is influenced by the immediate social context, the general social situation, the individual history, and the internal state of the emitter. Comparison of phylogenetically close species of Sturnids reveals that the alternating pattern of vocal interactions varies greatly according to the species' social structure, suggesting that interactional regularities may have evolved together with social systems. These findings lead to solid bases of discussion on the evolution of communication rules in relation to social evolution. They will be discussed also in terms of processes, at the light of recent neurobiological findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social coordination in animal vocal interactions. Is there any evidence of turn-taking? The starling as an animal model

et al. 2015

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“…Cues that regulate turn-taking. A number of authors have proposed that listeners project an upcoming end of a turn by using semantic, syntactic, prosodic, eye gaze, or body movement cues produced by the speaker (Bavelas, Chovil, Coates, & Roe, 1995;Beattie, 1979;Beattie, Cutler, & Pearson, 1982;Caspers, 1998Caspers, , 2003Clark & Fox Tree, 2002;Craig & Gallagher, 1982;Koiso, Horiuchi, Tutiya, Ichikawa, & Den, 1998;Miura, 1993;Robbins et al, 1978;Schaffer, 1983;Stephens & Beattie, 1986a, 1986bWells & MacFarlane, 1998; for reviews, see Ford &Thompson, 1996, andFox Tree, 2000). Conversely, a variety of devices have been proposed by which listeners can indicate their desire to take the turn, such as movements, audible inbreath, or interjected words (Bavelas et al, 1995;Dittmann & Llewellyn, 1968;Duncan & Niederehe, 1974;Harrigan, 1985;Thomas & Bull, 1981).…”

Section: The Phenomenon Of Turn-takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oscillator model of the timing of turn-taking

Wilson

2005

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

351

300

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When humans talk without conventionalized arrangements, they engage in conversation--that is, a continuous and largely nonsimultaneous exchange in which speakers take turns. Turn-taking is ubiquitous in conversation and is the normal case against which alternatives, such as interruptions, are treated as violations that warrant repair. Furthermore, turn-taking involves highly coordinated timing, including a cyclic rise and fall in the probability of initiating speech during brief silences, and involves the notable rarity, especially in two-party conversations, of two speakers' breaking a silence at once. These phenomena, reported by conversation analysts, have been neglected by cognitive psychologists, and to date there has been no adequate cognitive explanation. Here, we propose that, during conversation, endogenous oscillators in the brains of the speaker and the listeners become mutually entrained, on the basis of the speaker's rate of syllable production. This entrained cyclic pattern governs the potential for initiating speech at any given instant for the speaker and also for the listeners (as potential next speakers). Furthermore, the readiness functions of the listeners are counterphased with that of the speaker, minimizing the likelihood of simultaneous starts by a listener and the previous speaker. This mutual entrainment continues for a brief period when the speech stream ceases, accounting for the cyclic property of silences. This model not only captures the timing phenomena observed inthe literature on conversation analysis, but also converges with findings from the literatures on phoneme timing, syllable organization, and interpersonal coordination.

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“…For example, in humans, turn-taking allows interlocutors to enhance mutual attention and responsiveness (France et al, 2001). Some studies showed that the ability to respect conversation rules, in particular turn-taking may be acquired during development (Hauser, 1992; Miura, 1993; Black and Logan, 1995; Lemasson et al, 2010, 2011; Chow et al, 2015; Takahashi et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Semi-automated Method for Assessing Avian Acoustic Networks Reveals that Juvenile and Adult Zebra Finches Have Separate Calling Networks

et al. 2016

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Social networks are often inferred from spatial associations, but other parameters like acoustic communication are likely to play a central role in within group interactions. However, it is currently difficult to determine which individual initiates vocalizations, or who responds to whom. To this aim, we designed a method that allows analyzing group vocal network while controlling for spatial networks, by positioning each group member in equidistant individual cages and analyzing continuous vocal interactions semi-automatically. We applied this method to two types of zebra finch groups, composed of either two adult females and two juveniles, or four young adults (juveniles from the first groups). Young often co-occur in the same social group as adults but are likely to have a different social role, which may be reflected in their vocal interactions. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the social structure of the group influences the parameters of the group vocal network. We found that groups including juveniles presented periods with higher level of activity than groups composed of young adults. Using two types of analyses (Markov analysis and cross-correlation), we showed that juveniles as well as adults were more likely to respond to individuals of their own age-class (i.e. to call one after another, in terms of turn-taking, and within a short time-window, in terms of time delay). When juveniles turned into adulthood, they showed adult characteristics of vocal patterns. Together our results suggest that vocal behavior changes during ontogeny, and individuals are more strongly connected with individuals of the same age-class within acoustic networks.

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Switching pauses in adult-adult and child-child turn takings: An initial study

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Social coordination in animal vocal interactions. Is there any evidence of turn-taking? The starling as an animal model

Social coordination in animal vocal interactions. Is there any evidence of turn-taking? The starling as an animal model

An oscillator model of the timing of turn-taking

A New Semi-automated Method for Assessing Avian Acoustic Networks Reveals that Juvenile and Adult Zebra Finches Have Separate Calling Networks

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