"Swords into Ploughshares": Recycling in Pre-Industrial England

Woodward, Donald

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1985.tb00365.x

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Die Wahrnehmung des Erdbebens von Jamaika lässt sich nach drei Gesichtspunkten gliedern: die Wahrnehmung der direkt Betroffenen, das Verständnis des Bebens als Strafe Gottes und das Beben als Objekt einer naturwissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Physikotheologie 49 .…”

Section: Das Erdbeben Von Jamaika 1692unclassified

“…48 Ebd., S. 254. 49 Ebd., zu beseitigen und beschloss, Port Royal nicht wieder aufzubauen. Stattdessen entstand auf der anderen Seite der Insel die neue Hafenstadt Kingstown 50 .…”

Section: Das Erdbeben Von Jamaika 1692unclassified

“…48 Coler hingegen beschreibt den Bienenstaat, seine Herrschaftsform und Arbeitsteilung fast durchgängig mithilfe menschlicher Analogien. 49 Auch lässt er erst gar keinen Zweifel aufkommen, was er sich davon erhofft, denn er mahnt, "ein jeder frommer Haußwirth" solle Bienen nicht nur des Honigs halber halten, sondern auch wegen ihres "wolbestellten Regiment[s]/ daß sie uns in vielen Sachen gute Exempel und instruction geben/ wie wir uns im gemeinen bürgerlichen Leben und in unserer Haußhaltung verhalten sollen/ wann wir nur ihrem Exempel/ Thun und Wesen recht nachdencken und nachfolgen wollen". 50 Denn abgesehen von ihrer mustergültigen politischen Ordnung werden bei Coler die Bienen auch als Vorbild individueller Lebensführung dargestellt.…”

Section: Literatur Zum Thema Obstbauunclassified

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Von Amtsgärten und Vogelkojen

Jakubowski-Tiessen¹

2014

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Section: Das Erdbeben Von Jamaika 1692unclassified

“…48 Ebd., S. 254. 49 Ebd., zu beseitigen und beschloss, Port Royal nicht wieder aufzubauen. Stattdessen entstand auf der anderen Seite der Insel die neue Hafenstadt Kingstown 50 .…”

Section: Das Erdbeben Von Jamaika 1692unclassified

Section: Literatur Zum Thema Obstbauunclassified

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Von Amtsgärten und Vogelkojen

Jakubowski-Tiessen¹

2014

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“…There is a common misconception that resource efficiency is a recent phenomenon, when extensive organised reuse and recycling of waste materials has occurred for many centuries (Woodward, 1985;Strasser, 2000;Cooper, 2006). Early waste and resource management have received systematic attention in the USA (Melosi, 1981;Tarr, 1996;Melosi, 2000;Miller, 2000;Louis, 2004), but less so in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

19th century London dust-yards: A case study in closed-loop resource efficiency

2009

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The material recovery methods used by dust-yards in early 19 th century London, England and the conditions that led to their development, success and decline are reported. The overall system developed in response to the market value of constituents of municipal waste, and particularly the high coal ash content of household 'dust.' The emergence of lucrative markets for 'soil' and 'breeze' products encouraged dust-contractors to recover effectively 100% of the residual wastes remaining after readily saleable items and materials had been removed by the thriving informal sector. Contracting dust collection to the private sector allowed parishes to keep the streets relatively clean, without the need to develop institutional capacity, and for a period this also generated useful income. The dust-yard system is therefore an early example of organised, municipal-wide solid waste management, and also of public-private sector participation. The dustyard system had been working successfully for more than 50 years before the Public Health Acts of 1848 and 1875, and was thus important in facilitating a relatively smooth transition to an institutionalised, municipally-run solid waste management system in England. The dust-yards can be seen as early precursors of modern materials recycling facilities (MRF) and mechanicalbiological treatment (MBT) plants; however, it must be emphasised that dust-yards operated without any of the environmental and occupational health considerations that are indispensable today. In addition, there are analogies between dust-yards and informal sector recycling systems currently operating in many developing countries.

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“…Even then, the services of the ragman, collecting good linen rag for papermaking, meant that bed linens were rarely ever wasted. 29 But I want to focus here on one aspect of maintenance illuminating the value of bed linens that is less about their eventual recycling, and more about their potential re-use while still serviceable. Even before a sheet was laid across a bed for the first time, one might mark it by embroidering (or, by the end of the eighteenth century, stamping) a monogram or other identifying symbol on it.…”

Section: Servicing the Bedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the Bed in Later Stuart and Georgian England

Pennell¹

Selling Textiles in the Long Eighteenth Century

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"Swords into Ploughshares": Recycling in Pre-Industrial England

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Von Amtsgärten und Vogelkojen

Von Amtsgärten und Vogelkojen

19th century London dust-yards: A case study in closed-loop resource efficiency

Making the Bed in Later Stuart and Georgian England

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