Sydenham Chorea

Emery, Edward S.; Vieco, Pedro T.

doi:10.1212/wnl.48.2.531

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A dysfunction of basal ganglia has been suggested in these disorders, supported by findings in structural and functional neuroimaging studies [8,14,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A preliminary study of the frequency of anti-basal ganglia antibodies and streptococcal infection in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2009

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often present in patients with post-streptococcal neuropsychiatric disorders such as Sydenham's chorea and PANDAS, in which anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) have been frequently found. Our study investigates the hypothesis that pharyngeal group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infections and serum ABGA are more frequent in children with ADHD non-comorbid (nc-ADHD) with obsessive-compulsive disorder or tics than in controls. We compared 22 children with nc-ADHD (DSM-IV-TR) and 22 healthy controls matched by age, gender and season of sample collection, for the frequency of recent GABHS infection and the presence of ABGA. Eleven out of 22 children (51%) with nc-ADHD showed evidence of GABHS infection compared to three out of 22 (14%) controls (P = 0.007). We found positive ABGA in one ADHD subject (4%) and in one control (4%). This preliminary study indicates that frequency of ABGA in children with nc-ADHD does not differ from that in matched controls, despite the fact that our ADHD patients had had more recent GABHS infections than the controls. This suggests that ABGA do not have a role in the pathogenesis of nc-ADHD.

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“…A dysfunction of basal ganglia has been suggested in these disorders, supported by findings in structural and functional neuroimaging studies [8,14,[16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A preliminary study of the frequency of anti-basal ganglia antibodies and streptococcal infection in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2009

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“…PET and MRI studies demonstrate inflammatory process involving the caudate nuclei and the putamen (Emery and Vieco 1997;Aron 2005;Moreau et al 2005); anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive treatments, such as steroids, are effective in shortening the chorea period (Jordan and Singer 2003;Garvey et al 2005;Paz et al 2006;Walker et al 2007). The characteristic chorea movements are attributed to neurotransmitter changes such as decreased GABA and acetylcholine activity and increased dopaminergic activity in basal ganglia (Mitchell et al 1989;Breakefield et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striatal Microinjection of Sydenham Chorea Antibodies: Using a Rat Model to Examine the Dopamine Hypothesis

2011

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We hypothesized that injection of anti-basal antibodies from patients with Sydenham's chorea into rats' striatum will induce behavioral and histological changes. Antibodies from eight Sydenham's chorea patients and eight age-matched controls were injected into the left caudate of 16 rats. Apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced rotations were performed on days 10 and 17, respectively, followed by immunohistochemical studies. Antibodies from patients with Sydenham's chorea, but not controls, bound to a ∼50-kDa molecule in the striatum extract; immunohistology staining demonstrated specific binding to cellular component(s) in rats' striatum. Contrary to our hypothesis, we could not detect in the rats injected with Sydenham's chorea antibodies changes in rotational behavior or immunohistochemistry staining for dopaminergic or GABAergic markers. Injection of small quantities of anti-neuronal antibodies present in patients with Sydenham's chorea into rat striatum is insufficient to alter motor behavior or cause detectable cellular changes.

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“…In addition, although most cases of chorea have been shown to be bilateral in hyperthyroidism [4,5,7,8], only a few are unilateral, as existed in our patient [6]. This suggests that an asymmetric focal lesion may occur in these parts of the brain contributing to the pathophysiology of hemichorea [25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%