Symbiosis, Instability, and the Origins and Spread of Agriculture: A New Model [and Comments and Reply]

Rindos, David; Aschmann, Homer; Bellwood, Peter; Ceci, Lynn; Cohen, Mark Nathan; Hutchinson, J. B.; Santley, Robert S.; Shaffer, Jim G.; Shaw, Thurstan

doi:10.1086/202569

Cited by 158 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Based on genetic and craniometric data, this spread is considered by the authors to be predominantly a demic expansion, rather than the transmission of a cultural novelty. It can be argued that agriculturalists move slower than hunters, and also that they encounter people already living in the areas they move into, but at the same time the adoption of agriculture is responsible for much higher population growth rates and, therefore, entails an aggressive territorial expansion (Rindos 1980). So, even taking into account that agriculture is a fast spreading subsistence system, driven by its inherent instability, and that at the same time it promotes a strong evolutionary advantage to people who adopts it, the spread of farmers into Europe, probably one of the fastest events of human expansion in prehistory, is much slower than what is proposed by the models.…”

Section: If Not Clovis What Then?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Vastness and Variability: Cultural Transmission, Historicity, and the Paleoindian Record in Eastern South America

Araújo

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Eastern South America, or what is today Brazilian territory, poses interesting questions about the early human occupation of the Americas. Three totally distinct and contemporaneous lithic technologies, dated between 11,000 and 10,000 14 C BP, are present in different portions of the country: the Umbu tradition in the south, with its formal bifacial industry, with well-retouched scrapers and bifacial points; the Itaparica tradition in the central-west / northwest, totally unifacial, whose only formal artifacts are limaces; and the "Lagoa Santa" industry, completely lacking any formal artifacts, composed mainly of small quartz flakes. Our data suggests that these differences are not related to subsistence or raw-material constraints, but rather to different cultural norms and transmission of strongly divergent chaînes opératoires. Such diversity in material culture, when viewed from a cultural transmission (CT) theory standpoint, seems at odds with a simple Clovis model as the origin of these three cultural traditions given the time elapsed since the first Clovis ages and the expected population structure of the early South American settlers.

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Section: If Not Clovis What Then?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Vastness and Variability: Cultural Transmission, Historicity, and the Paleoindian Record in Eastern South America

Araújo

2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…Species and genotypes in the cultural landscapes of Europe are (to various degrees) emergent properties of the millennia-long co-evolution of humans and other species in the production of food-feed-fiberfuel (Rindos, 1980(Rindos, , 1984(Rindos, , 1986Groonenborn, 2009). Past conditions and practices have been culturally transmitted across cohorts, and such have interacted with local organisms and habitats, shaping ecosystems in landscapes of food production and extending cultivation into marginal areas (Rindos, 1980;Crumley, 1994;Nabhan, 1997;Barthel et al, 2005;Kaplan et al, 2009;Emanuelsson, 2010).…”

Section: Loss Of Diversity and Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-cultural refugia—Safeguarding diversity of practices for food security and biodiversity

Barthel

Crumley

Svedin

2013

Global Environmental Change

166

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Food security for a growing world population is high on the list of grand sustainability challenges, as is reducing the pace of biodiversity loss in landscapes of food production. Here we shed new insights on areas that harbor place specific social memories related to food security and stewardship of biodiversity. We call them Bio-cultural refugia. Our goals are to illuminate how bio-cultural refugia store, revive and transmit memory of agricultural biodiversity and ecosystem services, and how such social memories are carried forward between people and across cohorts. We discuss the functions of such refugia for addressing the twin goals of food security and biodiversity conservation in landscapes of food production.The methodological approach is first of its kind in combining the discourses on food security, social memory and biodiversity management. We find that the rich biodiversity of many regionally distinct cultural landscapes has been maintained through a mosaic of management practices that have co-evolved in relation to local environmental fluctuations, and that such practices are carried forward by both biophysical and social features in bio-cultural refugia including; genotypes, artifacts, written accounts, as well as embodied rituals, art, oral traditions and self-organized systems of rules. Combined these structure a diverse portfolio of practices that result in genetic reservoirs -source areas -for the wide array of species, which in interplay produce vital ecosystem services, needed for future food security related to environmental uncertainties, volatile financial markets and large scale conflicts. In Europe, processes related to the large-scale industrialization of agriculture threaten such bio-cultural refugia. The paper highlights that the dual goals to reduce pressures from modern agriculture on biodiversity, while maintaining food security, entails more extensive collaboration with farmers oriented toward ecologically sound practices.

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“…Rindos (1980) postulate domestication to be a symbiotic evolutionary process between humans and animals or plants, where the domestication occurs before the origin and development of agricultural systems and is the reason why agricultural system develops. Contrary, Hale (1969) and Clutton-Brock (1977) simply suggested domestication to be a condition where breeding and feeding of animals are more or less controlled by humans.…”

Section: Domesticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of domestication related genes on behaviour, physiology and gene expression in chickens

Karlsson¹

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Till minnet av min älskade vän. I tanken, i skrattet, i hjärtat. För alltid.Abstract Domestication, the process when animals adapt to captivity, tends to modify a whole array of traits towards what has been termed "the domesticated phenotype", where the domesticated animal differs from its wild ancestor in morphology, physiology, development and behaviour. Physiological traits and behaviours are controlled by genes. One single gene can control several different traits (pleiotropy), be linked to a neighbouring gene on the chromosome, or interact with another gene that in turn controls another trait. This is the explanation why one can select for high egg production and at the same time get a change in the colour of the plumage. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of a mutation in two particular genes (PMEL17 and TSHR) related to domestication on behaviour, gene expression and other physiologial traits. The animals investigated were chickens from a cross between the ancestral Red Junglefowl (RJF) and the domesticated White Leghorn (WL) selected for high egg production traits. PMEL17 is a gene affecting plumage colour. A mutation in the gene causes a non-pigmented white plumage and has been shown to protect against feather pecking. Our studies showed that a mutation in the PMEL17 gene affects social, explorative and aggressive behaviour in chickens, but not visual ability. The thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) plays an important role in the signal transduction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis that has general effects on development, behaviour and reproduction. A mutation in the TSHR gene affects incubation time, domestication related behaviours such as fear and aggression, gene expression, thyroid hormone levels and photoperiodic reproduction responses in chicken. The results from this thesis suggest that a mutation in the PMEL17 and TSHR genes have pleiotropic effects on behaviour and traits related to domestication, and it is therefore likely that both genes have been important for the domestication of the chicken. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning

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Symbiosis, Instability, and the Origins and Spread of Agriculture: A New Model [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 158 publications

References 18 publications

On Vastness and Variability: Cultural Transmission, Historicity, and the Paleoindian Record in Eastern South America

On Vastness and Variability: Cultural Transmission, Historicity, and the Paleoindian Record in Eastern South America

Bio-cultural refugia—Safeguarding diversity of practices for food security and biodiversity

Effects of domestication related genes on behaviour, physiology and gene expression in chickens

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