Symbiosis of conulariids with trepostome bryozoans in the Upper Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica)

Vinn, Olev; Ernst, Andrej; Wilson, Mark A.; Toom, Ursula

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.018

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Bioclaustrations made by ascidian tunicates or colonial hydroids occur in the bryozoans of the Upper Ordovician of North America (Palmer & Wilson 1988). Skeletal endobionts, such as rugosans, conulariids and cornulitids, are also common in Upper Ordovician bryozoans (Vinn et al 2019). In contrast, symbiosis in Silurian bryozoans has not received attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most symbiotic bryozoans in the Palaeozoic are trepostomes (18 associations, with 72 genera according to Paleobiology Database 2020), while cystoporates were less symbiotic (seven associations, with 47 genera according to Paleobiology Database 2020) (Palmer & Wilson 1988; McKinney et al 1990; Ernst et al 2014; Vinn et al 2014; Vinn et al 2018b; Sendino et al 2019; Plusquellec & Bigey 2019; Vinn et al 2019). The other bryozoans are not known to have formed symbiotic associations in the Palaeozoic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eastern Baltic Silurian bryozoans are relatively well studied (Kopajevich 1968, 1971, 1975; Astrova 1970; Astrova & Kopajevich 1970; Pushkin et al 1990), but no cases of intergrowth between these bryozoans and other invertebrates have been previously reported. This differs from the Ordovician of Baltica where bryozoans often formed symbiotic associations with the other invertebrates (Vinn et al 2019).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Symbiosis is here viewed as any type of a long‐term and close biological interaction between two different animals, be it parasitic, commensalistic or mutualistic. Modern ecology and biology textbooks use the ‘de Bary’ definition, or an even broader one, in which all interspecific interactions are termed symbiosis; the narrower definition that symbiosis means only mutualism is no longer used (de Bary 1878; Martin & Schwab 2013; Vinn et al 2019).…”

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Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia

Vinn

Ernst

Wilson

et al. 2021

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Cornulites sp. and Fistulipora przhidolensis formed a symbiotic association in the Pridoli (latest Silurian) of Saaremaa Island, Estonia. This Cornulites sp.-F. przhidolensis association is the youngest example of cornulitid-bryozoan symbiosis. Symbiosis is indicated by intergrowth of both organisms. The cornulitids are completely embedded within the cystoporate bryozoan colony, leaving only their apertures free on the growth surface of bryozoan. In terms of food competition, this association could have been slightly harmful to F. przhidolensis as Cornulites sp. may have been a kleptoparasite. There may have been a small escalation in the evolution of the endobiotic life mode of cornulitids as the number of such associations increased from the Ordovician to Silurian. It is likely that Palaeozoic bryozoan symbiosis reached its maximum in the Late Ordovician. Most of the symbiotic bryozoans in the Palaeozoic are trepostomes, and the diversity of symbiotic associations was also greatest among trepostomes. □ Baltica, bryozoans, cornulitids, Silurian, symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia

Vinn

Ernst

Wilson

et al. 2021

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“…In the Late Ordovician, during the culmination of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, symbiotic intergrowths became more common, and modular organisms became more common as hosts (Vinn and Wilson, 2015; Vinn, 2017). Bioclaustrations of soft-bodied organisms and less commonly skeletonized organisms such as cornulitids, conulariids, and solitary rugosans occur in modular hosts including tabulate corals and more commonly bryozoans (Vinn et al, 2018a, b, 2019). However, symbiotic intergrowths of modular organisms remained rare; the bioclaustration Catellocaula vallata Palmer and Wilson, 1988, which may record a colonial hydroid or tunicate, occurs in the bryozoan Amplexopora persimilis Nickles, 1905 (Palmer and Wilson, 1988).…”

Section: Symbiotic Intergrowth Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reptamsassia n. gen. (Amsassiaceae n. fam.; calcareous algae) from the Lower Ordovician (Floian) of western Newfoundland, and the earliest symbiotic intergrowth of modular species

2022

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Modular coral-like fossils occur in thrombolitic reefal beds at two stratigraphic levels within the Lower Ordovician (Floian) Barbace Cove Member of the Boat Harbour Formation, in the St. George Group of western Newfoundland. They are here assigned to Reptamsassia n. gen.; R. divergens n. gen. n. sp. is present at both levels, whereas a comparatively small-module species, R. minuta n. gen. n. sp., is confined to the upper level. Reptamsassia n. gen. resembles the Ordovician genus Amsassia in its phacelocerioid structure, back-to-back walls of adjoining modules, module increase by longitudinal fission involving infoldings of the wall, tabula-like structures that are continuous with the vertical module wall, and calices with concave-up bottoms. The new genus is differentiated by its encrusting habit, modules with highly variable growth directions and shapes throughout skeletal growth, and modules that may separate slightly or diverge from one another following fission. Together, Amsassia and Reptamsassia n. gen. are considered to represent a distinct group of calcareous algae, the Amsassiaceae n. fam., which possibly belongs to the green algae. The Early Ordovician origination of Amsassia followed by Reptamsassia n. gen. contributed to the beginning of the rise in diversity on a global scale and in reefal settings during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Reptamsassia minuta n. gen. n. sp. was an obligate symbiont that colonized living areas on its host, R. divergens n. gen. n. sp., with isolated modules of R. divergens n. gen. n. sp. able to persist in the resulting intergrowth with R. minuta n. gen. n. sp. This is the earliest known symbiotic intergrowth of macroscopic modular species, exemplifying the development of ecologic specialization and ecosystem complexity in Early Ordovician reefs.

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Bryozoan Paleobiology

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Symbiosis of conulariids with trepostome bryozoans in the Upper Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica)

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia

Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia

Reptamsassia n. gen. (Amsassiaceae n. fam.; calcareous algae) from the Lower Ordovician (Floian) of western Newfoundland, and the earliest symbiotic intergrowth of modular species

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