“…One of the key problems is the path explosion problem. To this end, different approaches have been proposed to reduce the searching spaces of paths [4,6,10,14,15,20,30,31,40,48,50,51,56,64,70,71]. However, current heuristics, no matter designed manually or learned by machine-learning techniques, are only effective for specific tasks and require substantial human work if migrated to other tasks.…”