“…[4][5][6]8 During the last decades, multiple researches and novel approaches have been incorporated in the literature for multiarea traditional/restructured AGC PS with/without DSTS/WTS. 1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Some control strategies are stochastic fractal search (SFS)-optimised integral minus PDF (proportional derivative with filter) (I-PDF), 1 sine cosine algorithm (SCA)-optimised PI, 4 whale optimisation algorithm (WOA)-optimised integral derivative with filter-fractional order PD (IDN-FOPD), 5 SCA-optimised cascade FOPI-FOPD, 6 biogeography-based optimisation (BBO)-optimised I/PI/PIDF, 7 WOA-optimised cascade PIDN-FOID, 8 nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)-optimised PI/PIDF, 9 hybrid bacterial foraging optimisation algorithm-particle swarm optimisation (hBFOA-PSO)-optimised PI, 10 craziness-based particle swarm optimisation (CRAZYPSO)-optimised PI, 11 differential evolution (DE)-optimised PI/PID, 12,13 oppositional krill herd (OKH)-optimised PID, 14 disrupted oppositiongravitation search algorithm (DOGSA)-optimised PID, 15 teaching-learning-based optimisation (TLBO) algorithm-optimised two-degree freedom PID (2DOFPID), 16 artificial-bee colony (ABC)-optimised PI/PID, 17 firefly algorithm (FA)-optimised PI/PID, 18,19 symbiotic-organism-search (SOS)-optimised PID, 20 ICA-optimised PID, 21 and hybridised SFS-local unimodal sampling (hSFS-LUS) optimised PDF-(1 ...…”