Symbolic violence and social adjustment of transgender(s) in Pakistan

Ghazi, Fatima; Manzoor, Malik Maliha

doi:10.1007/s11135-022-01344-6

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Third gender people experience social strains as a result of this transphobia, harassment, verbal bullying, and violence (Bund, 2013; Reddy, 2005). Khwaja sira face frequent structural violence in the form of inequalities, subordination, and exclusion (Rashid et al, 2023). Given this vulnerability to violence, the purpose of the present study is to explore themes related to sexual violence (SV) against khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.…”

Section: Sexual Violence Against Khwaja Siramentioning

confidence: 99%

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“One by one, they raped me”: Sexual violence against khwaja sira in Swat, Pakistan.

Azhar,

Ahmad,

Tariq

2024

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore themes related to sexual violence against khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Method: We conducted 45 in-depth interviews with khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat on their lived experiences with sexual violence. Interviews were digitally audio recorded in Pashto, then translated into English for coding, interpretation, and thematic content analysis of the transcripts. Results: We identified the following themes regarding sexual violence against khwaja sira: (1) childhood experiences of sexual violence are highly prevalent, (2) adult experiences with rape increase in violence, and (3) social norms harm or ignore khwaja sira. For the first theme, we identified the following subthemes: (a) experiencing sexual abuse at school, (b) the bathroom as a site for sexual violence, and (c) youth experiences in sex work. For the second theme, we identified the following subthemes: (a) kidnapping, robbery, and physical violence and (b) negative perceptions of sex workers. And finally, for the third theme, we identified the following subthemes: (a) experiencing repeated gang rape, (b) cutting hair as punishment, and (c) police complicity with violence. Conclusions: Study findings highlighted an important unmet need regarding sexual violence against khwaja sira in Swat, Pakistan. Many participants experienced intersectional stigma as their experiences with sexual violence were also connected to negative community perceptions about their identities as sex workers and third gender people. Social interventions and policies should more fully address these issues to help ensure the safety of khwaja sira communities.

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Section: Sexual Violence Against Khwaja Siramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…structural violence in the form of inequalities, subordination, and exclusion (Rashid et al, 2023). Given this vulnerability to violence, the purpose of the present study is to explore themes related to sexual violence (SV) against khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“One by one, they raped me”: Sexual violence against khwaja sira in Swat, Pakistan.

Azhar,

Ahmad,

Tariq

2024

Psychology of Violence

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“…The government of Pakistan, with the help of the United Nations Organization (UNO), worked on different initiatives to improve the quality of life of transgenders. Various non-government organizations (NGOs) are working in Pakistan to support transgenders for their fundamental right to education and jobs (Rashid et al, 2023). On the other hand, a large number of transgenders are not doing good jobs because they are spotted in different traffic signals for begging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Leading Marginalized Transgenders Towards Digital Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

Muhammad Murad,

Nurul Aliyah Sham Rambely

2024

JEBV

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The transgenders in Pakistan are facing challenges in jobs quota and starting their businesses in Pakistan. Transgenders are a marginalized community in Pakistan facing challenges in establishing their businesses. There are fewer opportunities for lesbians and guys in Pakistan to start their physical business due to bullying and harassment. The objective of the current research was to measure the impact of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial opportunities on the digital entrepreneurship of transgender people in the presence of microfinance loans and government policies in developing economies like Pakistan. A sample of 56 marginalized transgender people from the Punjab province of Pakistan was collected for the findings. The statistical analysis is performed by using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 4. The partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) approach was used to measure the findings of measurement model assessment and structural model assessment. It is empirically concluded that the effect of entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial opportunities on digital entrepreneurship for transgender people is large. Therefore, microfinance loans and government policies for supporting transgenders in digital entrepreneurship are critically required when there is appropriate support for transgenders for the accomplishment of entrepreneurial opportunities. Furthermore, the government of Pakistan is needed to plan and execute reasonable policies for sustainable entrepreneurship to motivate transgenders to the digital entrepreneurial environment. The execution of entrepreneurial policies by the Pakistani government and support of microfinance loans can increase digital entrepreneurship by transgenders in Pakistan, and this marginalized community can achieve success and standard life. This study also provides some recommendations for future studies.

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“…Previous research shows that society, especially the world of education, cannot be separated from symbolic violence such as student symbolic violence in the lecture process through stereotypes (Rashid et al, 2022), violence against students in the educational process at school (Doshi, 2021), Symbolic violence through English (Sah, 2022), through student grouping (McGillicuddy & Devine, 2018), through labeling (Trenton, 2018), through music , through academic life (Roumbanis, 2019), through the Discuss policya (Li & Xiao, 2020), through a contemporary pedagogical approach (Powell & Dylan Smith Abigail, 2017), through skin color classification (Coles, 2016), through discipline (Toshalis, 2010), through women's soccer (Grice et al, 2023), through the objective structure (Torres & Ubeda, 2015), through racial contact (Gast, 2018), through religious domination, symbolic violence through school domination, through the dominance of quality and quantity. All the results of these studies show that symbolic violence can occur in the world of education.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic Violence Through Negative Stereotypes Against Private School Students in Bantaeng Regency

Suardi

2023

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan

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The research problem is the existence of symbolic violence against private school students through stereotypes. The purpose of the study was to analyze negative stereotypes against private school students as a means of symbolic violence. This research was conducted using the mixed method concurrent embedded method in 10 private schools and 6 public schools. Qualitative research informants as many as 43 people were determined using purposive sampling while 301 quantitative research respondents were determined using random sampling. Data was collected using a Likert and Gutman scale questionnaire, direct observation sheets, structured interview sheets and documents. The qualitative data that has been collected is analyzed through the stages of data reduction, displaying the data and then drawing conclusions, while the quantitative data is analyzed through the stages of verification, tabulation and data percentage. The results show that symbolic violence occurs because of negative stereotypes against private school students and stereotypes against actors or private schools carried out by public school actors who have accumulated capital, power in the world of education.

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Symbolic violence and social adjustment of transgender(s) in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

“One by one, they raped me”: Sexual violence against khwaja sira in Swat, Pakistan.

“One by one, they raped me”: Sexual violence against khwaja sira in Swat, Pakistan.

Factors Leading Marginalized Transgenders Towards Digital Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

Symbolic Violence Through Negative Stereotypes Against Private School Students in Bantaeng Regency

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