Symmetrical and unsymmetrical squaraine sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: Present day advances and future challenges

Abstract

The requirement for energy is ever increasing in the past few years due to the need for the innovation of clean energy and eco-friendly technologies. Symmetric and asymmetric SQ-dyes have received increasing attention and great potential for use as SQ-sensitizers for application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC).This review article gives a synopsis of the advancements on SQ-sensitizers in the domain of DSSC and the chance used to enhance their overall energy conversion efficiency. Specifically, the primary factors in charge of the low values of open-circuit voltage (Voc) short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) are debated in detail. Future orientations in research and expanded absorptions of nearinfrared region (NIR) by development organic substances and their applications are suggested from a personal point of view. compared to . It will be huge challenge to evolve novel SQ-sensitizers in enhancing and generation of high efficiency DSSC.