Symmetrical peripheral digital gangrene following severe <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

Ghafoor, Sana Z. A.; MacRae, Eva A.; Harding, Keith; Patel, Girish Khandubhai

doi:10.1111/j.1742-481x.2010.00697.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, when it does occur, P. falciparum is implicated as the causative plasmodium in 95% of human cases, and typically the presentation is of ischemia and subsequent necrosis within peripheral tissues. 11,39,71,76 …”

Section: Postmortem Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi–Macaque Models of Severe Malaria

et al. 2015

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Malaria remains one of the most significant public health concerns in the world today. Approximately half the human population is at risk for infection, with children and pregnant women being most vulnerable. More than 90% of the total human malaria burden, which numbers in excess of 200 million annually, is due to Plasmodium falciparum. Lack of an effective vaccine and a dwindling stockpile of antimalarial drugs due to increased plasmodial resistance underscore the critical need for valid animal models. Plasmodium coatneyi was described in Southeast Asia 50 years ago. This plasmodium of nonhuman primates has been used sporadically as a model for severe malaria, as it mimics many of the pathophysiologic features of human disease. This review covers the reported macroscopic, microscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular pathology of P. coatneyi infection in macaques, specifically focusing on the rhesus macaque, as well as describing the critical needs still outstanding in the validation of this crucial model of human disease.

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Section: Postmortem Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi–Macaque Models of Severe Malaria

et al. 2015

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“…DIC is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for severe malaria, and serve as an independent marker of poor prognosis. [21] The WHO defines complicated malaria as those accompanied with one or more of the following clinical or laboratory findings, that is, an impaired level of consciousness, severe anemia, hypoglycemia, acidosis, hyperlactatemia, hyperparasitemia of more than 5%, and renal impairment. [22] In most of the published cases reporting on SPG, parasitemia is either not mentioned or not exceptionally elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene and extremity amputations

Ejagwulu¹,

Ibrahim²

2014

Ann Nigerian Med

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A B S T R A C TSymmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a rare syndrome. It is characterized by bilateral distal ischemia leading to gangrene, in the absence of major vascular occlusive disease. It is considered a cutaneous marker of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and more than half of the patients who survive require amputation of the affected limb(s). The etio-pathogenesis of SPG is not well understood, but the hallmark is the occurrence of microcirculatory failure. We present two patients with SPG. The aim of this report is to sensitize and to help make the diagnosis easier for the clinician. Patients who are identifi ed to be at risk require frequent observation and examination of the appearance of their distal extremities, nose, and ears. No treatment is universally effective. It should be individualized according to the underlying disease and patient's general condition. The guiding principle is prompt identifi cation and reduction or removal of aggravating factors.

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“…This causes peripheral total anoxia of digits without collateral circulation, which would lead to total denaturation of trapped hemoglobin molecules to methemoglobin and organic ferric sulfide turning to dark, dry and mummified gangrene of the peripheral tissues. The typical cases are SPG [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] and limb gangrene [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Current Classification Of Thrombotic Disorders Without Molec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Chang

2022

Biomedicines

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Thrombosis, the common and deadliest disorder among human diseases, develops as a result of the intravascular hemostasis following an intravascular injury, which can be caused by a variety of trauma, non-traumatic insults or clinical illnesses. Thrombosis can occur at any location of the vascular system supplied by blood from the heart to large and smallest arterial and venous systems and may affect the function and anatomy of the organ and tissue. It more commonly occurs in the smaller circulatory system of the vascular tree such as arterioles and capillaries, and venules of the organs, especially in the brain, lungs, heart, pancreas, muscle and kidneys, and sinusoids of the liver. Thrombosis has been referred as the disease of “blood clots”, which concept is incompletely defined, but represents many different hemostatic diseases from microthrombosis to fibrin clot disease, macrothrombosis, and combined micro-macrothrombosis. Thrombosis is produced following an intravascular injury via one or more combination of four different mechanisms of thrombogenesis: microthrombogenesis, fibrinogenesis, macrothrombogenesis and micro-macrothrombogenesis initiated by normal physiological hemostasis in vivo following an intravascular injury. The clinical phenotype expression of thrombosis is determined by: (1) depth of the intravascular wall injury, (2) extent of the injury affecting the vascular tree system, (3) physiological character of the involved vascular system, (4) locality of the vascular injury, and (5) underlying non-hemostatic conditions interacting with hemostasis. Recent acquisition of “two-path unifying theory” of hemostasis and “two-activation theory of the endothelium” has opened a new frontier in science of medicine by identifying the pathophysiological mechanism of different thrombotic disorders, and also contributing to the better understanding of many poorly defined human diseases, including different phenotypes of stroke and cardiovascular disease, trauma, sepsis and septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and autoimmune disease, and others. Reviewed are the fundamentals in hemostasis, thrombogenesis and thrombosis based on hemostatic theories, and proposed is a novel classification of thrombotic disorders.

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Symmetrical peripheral digital gangrene following severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi–Macaque Models of Severe Malaria

A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi–Macaque Models of Severe Malaria

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene and extremity amputations

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

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