Symmetries and multiferroic properties of novel room-temperature magnetoelectrics: Lead iron tantalate – lead zirconate titanate (PFT/PZT)

Sanchez, Dilsom A.; Ortega, N.; Kumar, Ashok; Roque‐Malherbe, R.; Polanco, R.; Scott, J. F.; Katiyar, Ram S.

doi:10.1063/1.3670361

Cited by 118 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It has been known for several years [1][2][3][4][5][6] that the perovskite oxides PbFe 1/2 Ta 1/2 O 3 (PFT), PbFe 1/2 Nb 1/2 O 3 (PFN), and PbFe 2/3 W 1/3 O 3 (PFW) are multiferroics with long-range magnetic ordering near or above room temperature. Our earlier studies showed [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] that solid solutions of these materials with PbZr x Ti 1Àx O 3 and pure PbTiO 3 yielded single-phase ferroelectric crystals whose weak ferromagnetism persists to room temperature or above. The low electrical conductivity of these materials thus produced a good alternative to BiFeO 3 for commercial device materials with intended embodiments as multiferroic memories, 18-21 sensors, 22 or voltage-controlled magnetic tunnel junctions [23][24][25] or THz generators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Room-temperature single phase multiferroic magnetoelectrics: Pb(Fe, M)x(Zr,Ti)(1−x)O3 [M = Ta, Nb]

Sanchez

Ortega

Kumar

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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114

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We describe extensive studies on a family of perovskite oxides that are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic at ambient temperatures. The data include x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, measurements of ferroelectric and magnetic hysteresis, dielectric constants, Curie temperatures, electron microscopy (both scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) studies, and both longitudinal and transverse magnetoelectric constants α33 and α31. The study extends earlier work to lower Fe, Ta, and Nb concentrations at the B-site (from 15%–20% down to 5%). The magnetoelectric constants increase supralinearly with Fe concentrations, supporting the earlier conclusions of a key role for Fe spin clustering. The room-temperature orthorhombic C2v point group symmetry inferred from earlier x-ray diffraction studies is confirmed via TEM, and the primitive unit cell size is found to be the basic perovskite Z = 1 structure of BaTiO3, also the sequence of phase transitions with increasing temperature from rhombohedral to orthorhombic to tetragonal to cubic mimics barium titanate.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature single phase multiferroic magnetoelectrics: Pb(Fe, M)x(Zr,Ti)(1−x)O3 [M = Ta, Nb]

Sanchez

Ortega

Kumar

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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114

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“…3 ('PZT') have been under study for several years in a San Juan-Cambridge-Belfast collaboration that now includes Delhi. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The reason is shown in the Venn diagram in Figure 4. Each of the Fe-compounds is ferromagnetic at modest temperatures and ferroelectric at low temperatures.…”

Section: Copper Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PFW/PZT system was studied in some detail both theoretically and experimentally [31][32][33] and exhibits a polarization P(H) that is strongly dependent upon magnetic field (H), collapsing abruptly for H near 1.0 T ( Figure 5). However, the data on dielectric loss e 0 (H) ( Figure 6) show that this is because H changes the response time of the system, and hence this is a purely relaxational dynamic effect.…”

Section: Lead-iron Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature multiferroic magnetoelectrics

2013

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A short review is given of the recent work on single-phase crystals that are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic at or near room temperature. BiFeO 3 is mentioned only briefly, because it has been reviewed in detail elsewhere very recently; emphasis instead is on copper oxide, perovskite oxides with mixed B-site occupancy (such as Pb(Fe 1/2 Ta 1/2 ) x (Zr y Ti INTRODUCTIONMultiferroics are usually defined as single-phase crystals exhibiting at the same temperature and pressure both ferromagnetism (or antiferromagnetism) and ferroelectricity (or antiferroelectricity). As most ferroelectrics are also ferroelastic 1 (hysteretic stress-strain relationships), the 'multi-ferro' label often includes three coupled order parameters. (As a peripheral comment, we note that it is necessary and sufficient 2 for a ferroelectric to be ferroelastic if its phase transition changes the crystal class-for example, from orthorhombic to tetragonal-treating hexagonal and trigonal as a single super-class. Examples of nonferroelastic ferroelectrics include KTiOPO 4 and LiNbO 3 , whose ferroelectric transitions are, respectively, orhorhombic-orthorhombic and trigonal-trigonal.)The interest in multiferroics at present is growing rapidly, and the interest is twofold: from a fundamental point of view the coupling between spins and lattices in crystals-between magnetism and ferroelectricity and/or structural phase transitions-has been recognized as complex and fascinating for several decades, generally requiring low-symmetry materials that were carefully avoided in earlier days of solid state theory. A good reason why it is presented in the elegant work by Schmid and Trooster 3 on the boracites: These materials (for example, nickel-iodine boracite) are multiferroic only at cryogenic temperatures and grow in needle-like structures, making them impractical for commercial device applications; and theoretically they exhibit low symmetry (monoclinic or triclinic) and have as many as 96 atoms per unit cell, making them theoretically formidable. Despite these drawbacks, multiferroics present a possible avenue for the next generation of computer digital memories, combining at least in principle, the high-speed and low-power consumption 4,5 of a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) with the nondestructive READ operation of a magnetic RAM. We discuss below why these goals will not be easy to achieve in commercial products:The most serious problems are operational temperature (most multiferroics operate well below ambient) and magnitudes of magnetization (all multiferroics with reasonably high operating temperatures are weak ferromagnets-canted antiferromagnetswhereas a strong ferromagnet is desired), and the switched polarization is also extremely weak. The polarization in most multiferroics is so weak that authors measure it in nC m À2 rather than the older customary mC cm À2 . Keep in mind that equally good SI units would be C hectare À1 for these multiferroics, a value far lower than the roughly 1 mC cm À2 required by a computer memory sense ampl...

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“…For x = 0.1 to 0.4 this solid solution exhibits saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops with saturation polarization about 25 to 40 µC/cm 2 and square saturated magnetic hysteresis loops with magnetization 0.1 emu/g at 295 K (i.e. weak ferromagnetism) [7][8][9]. It means that PZT-PFT belongs to the class of materials known as multiferroics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It means that PZT-PFT belongs to the class of materials known as multiferroics. Moreover, PZT-PFT is the lowest-loss room-temperature multiferroic known [7,9]. Such materials are very interesting for magnetoelectric devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of dielectric permittivity and magnetic properties of solid solution PZT–PFT

Skulski

Niemiec

Bochenek

et al. 2015

Materials Science-Poland

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In this paper we present the results of investigations into ceramic samples of solid solution (1−x)(PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O 3 )-x(PbFe 0.5 Ta 0.5 O 3 ) (i.e. (1−x)PZT-xPFT) with x = 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45. We try to find the relation between the character of dielectric dispersion at various temperatures and the composition of this solution. We also describe the magnetic properties of investigated samples. With increasing the content of PFT also mass magnetization and mass susceptibility increase (i.e. magnetic properties are more pronounced) at every temperature. The temperature dependences of mass magnetization and reciprocal of mass susceptibility have similar runs for all the compositions. However, our magnetic investigations exhibit weak antiferromagnetic ordering instead of the ferromagnetic one at room temperature. We can also say that up to room temperature any magnetic phase transition has not occurred. It may be a result of the conditions of the technological process during producing our PZT-PFT ceramics.

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Symmetries and multiferroic properties of novel room-temperature magnetoelectrics: Lead iron tantalate – lead zirconate titanate (PFT/PZT)

Cited by 118 publications

References 46 publications

Room-temperature single phase multiferroic magnetoelectrics: Pb(Fe, M)x(Zr,Ti)(1−x)O3 [M = Ta, Nb]

Room-temperature single phase multiferroic magnetoelectrics: Pb(Fe, M)x(Zr,Ti)(1−x)O3 [M = Ta, Nb]

Room-temperature multiferroic magnetoelectrics

Dispersion of dielectric permittivity and magnetic properties of solid solution PZT–PFT

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