“…Robot-assisted bilateral upper limb training systems can be generally classified into three configuration categories: two independent robotic devices [14][15][16][17][18], one robotic device with an assistive system (EMG-based as an example) [19,20], and one device with two handles [21][22][23].The two-independent-device bilateral system is generally able to achieve different kinds of training modes [24], including joint space symmetry (mirrorimage) [14][15][16][17]19], visual symmetry [17,18,20,22,23], point mirror symmetry [21][22][23] and asymmetry [16,17]. Examples are: Guo, et al [14] implemented passive-mirroring on a single-arm robot in a master-slave configuration using an external haptic device.…”